To investigate of histopathologic and biochemical effects of caffeine citrate in newborn rats with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced intestinal injury. Materials and methods: One-day-old, 32 Wistar albino newborn rats (n=8) were randomly divided into four groups: control group (group1, n=8), caffeine group (group2, caffeine citrate administered subcutaneously, n=8), H/R group (group3, exposed to H/R, n=8), and caffeine + H/R group (group4, caffeine citrate administered and exposed to H/R, n=8). Caffeine citrate was initiated at a loading dose of 20 mg/kg, followed by a maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously. On day 4 th , all animals except for groups 1 and 2 were exposed to H/R and sacrificed 6 hours after H/R procedure. Histopathological injury scores (HISs), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and oxidative stress index (OSI: total oxidant status "TOS"/total antioxidant status "TAS") levels were measured in intestinal samples. Results: As histopathological, the most severe damage was observed in H/R-induced groups (p<0.01). Although not statistically significant, the mean HISs of caffeine group was higher than the control group and lower than the H/R group. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and OSI in the groups 2, 3 and 4 were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). However, these biochemical parameters in the caffeine group were significantly lower than those of the H/R-induced groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: This study showed that caffeine citrate significantly increased the intestinal tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and OSI. As a result, caffeine may be a predisposing risk factor for developing intestinal injury.

ÖzetÇocukluk yaş grubunda normal kabul edilen ve mesanenin inguinal kanal içine herniye olması ile oluşan durum kulaklı mesane olarak adlandırılır. Rastlantısal olarak tanınan bu durumun mesanenin pozisyonu, boyutu ve inguinal halkanın açık kalması ile ilişkili olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Burada antenatal hidronefroz nedeni ile yapılan ultrasonografisinde mesane divertikülü olarak değerlendirilerek kliniğimize yönlendirilen ancak sistografik incelemesinde tipik kulaklı mesanesi olan 4 aylık erkek hasta sunuldu. 2017;10(3):274-276 Anahtar sözcükler:Mesane, Mesane hastalıkları, Radyografi, Ultrasonografi, Herni,inguinal. Pam Tıp Derg AbstractBladder ear is considered normal in childhood and results from herniation of the urinary bladder into the inguinal canal. This entity which is accidentally detected, is rare. The "bladder ears" are related to the size and position of the bladder and to the persistence of a large patent inguinal canal. Here, we present a 4-month-old male patient with a bladder ear who underwent an ultrasonography based on a diagnosis of antenatal hydronephrosis and reported to have a bladder diverticulum sonographically.Pam Med J 2017;10(3):274-276