SPA possesses remarkable antibacterial and antifungal activity against common root canal pathogens which are responsible for repeated endodontic failures such as E. faecalis and C. albicans when compared with medicaments like Ca(OH)2.

Background:The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway is crucial in a number of developmental processes and is critical in the formation of variety of craniofacial elements including cranial neural crest, facial primordium, tooth, lip and palate. It is an important mediator in regulation of lip and palate fusion, cartilage and bone formation.Aim:To study the role of mutation of BMP4 genes in the aetiology of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL ± P) and identify it directly from human analyses.Materials and Methods:A case-control study was done to evaluate whether BMP4T538C polymorphism, resulting in an amino acid change of Val=Ala (V152A) in the polypeptide, is associated with NSCL ± P in an Indian paediatric population. Genotypes of 100 patients with NSCL ± P and 100 controls (in whom absence of CL ± P was confirmed in three generations) were detected using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism strategy. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate allele and genotype association with NSCLP.Results:Results showed significant association between homozygous CC genotype with CL ± P (odds ratio [OR]-5.59 and 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.85-10.99). The 538C allele carriers showed an increased risk of NSCL ± P as compared with 538 T allele (OR - 4.2% CI = 2.75-6.41).Conclusion:This study suggests an association between SNP of BMP4 gene among carriers of the C allele and increased risk for NSCLP in an Indian Population. Further studies on this aspect can scale large heights in preventive strategies for NSCLP that may soon become a reality.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental anxiety and associated factors among 5 to10 years old Indian children. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the sample was composed by 462 children (240 male and 222 female).

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Background: There is an increase in reported cases of orofacial traumas and injuries in the field of contact sports during the last few decades. This is mainly attributed to negligence and lack of knowledge about the use of mouthguards among the instructors. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the attitude and awareness of using mouthguard among physical instructors in Sullia. Materials and Methods: A self-completion questionnaire was sent to 50 physical instructors of schools, sports academies, and gymnasiums situated in Sullia. The filled questionnaires were collected and were later sent for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 50 participants in the survey, 37 were males and 13 were females. Among all, only 58% are aware of the mouthguard appliances. The attitude and practice regarding the usage of mouthguards were found to be minimal. Conclusion: Limited knowledge about oral injury prevention and limited use of mouthguards were observed. There is a need for educating the physical instructors as they would like to have adequate information on mouthguards.