SUMMARYLaying workers of Apis mellifera capensis E SCHOLTZ producing impatemate offspring are normal diploids with 2n = 32 chromosomes. During the first maturation division, chromosome pairing, synapsis, chiasmata and diakinesis were observed. Thus a reduction division occurs resulting in a haploid set of 16 chromosomes.During anaphase II four nuclei are formed, arranged in a line parallel to the egg surface. Later two central nuclei, i.e. the egg pronucleus and the central descendant of the first polar body (second division non-sister nuclei) fuse to form the (diploid) zygote nucleus.

Genital warts (Condyloma acuminata) are a benign lesion caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) type-6 or type-11 and are usually transmitted sexually. During pregnancy, condyloma has a tendency to proliferate and may have recurrence. We have a case of G2P1L1 38 weeks previously normal vaginal delivered patient in our hospital with extensive genital warts. Patient was successfully managed by surgical excision and after that in follow up after 2 months for podophyllin resin application on remaining lesions. HPV infection presentation can range from asymptomatic to cervical cancer. Small genital wart lesion may become extensive and cumbersome during pregnancy and again regress after delivery in due course of time. HPV vaccination, sex education and early treatment of condyloma lesions should prevent and, in any case, improve the prognosis of this disease.

Background: Availability of safe, effective and acceptable abortion-care services is one of the most important aspects of women’s reproductive health. Unsafe abortion is one of the four main causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. To study knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding abortion and methods used among/for women of child bearing age to formulate recommendation for improving the safe abortion servicesMethods: This prospective study was done among 100 cases who came for MTP at department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, RNT medical college, Udaipur during November and December 2017. Data was collected using a self-semi structured questionnaire related to abortion technology.Results: 58% of women knew that there were provisions for abortion in public hospitals but only 38% of them knew that abortion should be performed/carried out by a trained doctor only. 70% of the women knew that there were medicines available for abortion (MMA) but only 20% of them knew how and from where to avail them. 69% knew about other methods and that D and E can be done in hospitals both at private and public sector, 25% knew the complications related to unsafe abortion. About the attitude almost all women wanted abortion should be done if needed only 10% knew that abortion is legal. 66% of women consider MMA to be safe and 27% of women consider contraception is necessary.Conclusions: Majority of women have positive attitude towards the abortion. The most prefer method chosen for abortion was medical method of abortion (MMA).

Background:In the 21st century caesarean section is the most common operation in modern obstetrics but its indications have been changed in elective and emergency cases. The aim of the present study was to find out the incidence, indication of caesarean, foeto-maternal outcome in patients who came in emergency from rural areas. . All the women who were unbooked, belonged to rural Mewar region and underwent emergency caesarean section. Results: Total no. of deliveries conducted were 1560 in the emergency labour room out of which 462 were emergency caesarean sections. The mean age of the participants was 27 years. Foetal distress was the most common indication (17.75%) followed by prolonged labour/ failed induction 14.5%. Post-partum haemorrhage and adhesions were the commonly encountered complications. Conclusions: LSCS due to maternal and foetal indications is inevitable. Timely performed LSCS decreases the morbidity and mortality. The government of India has also taken initiative in making caesarean deliveries more acceptable, affordable to patients belonging to rural areas. The government is also enhancing primary and community health centers.

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