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Beneficial use of shell for constitutive materials of beach or tidal flat is proposed instead of its disposal. Since the shape of shell fragment is oblate, the knowledge on littoral drift of sand with spherical shape could not be applied directly for understanding of its behavior under waves. In this study, critical shields number and settling velocity of shell fragment are evaluated changing oblate shapes of the fragments, and the characteristics of bed load transport of shell and shell-mixed sand beds are examined by a movable-bed experiment. From the experiments, the effects of oblateness on the increase of resistance to wave and current are elucidated. It is found that the interaction of sand and shell on their movements has an effect on the bed-load rate changing the height of sand ripples.

We present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with "premonitory depression." It is well known that cancer patients have higher rates of depression than general population. This is particularly true for those who suffer from pancreatic cancer, and such patients have a high incidence of depression compared to those who suffer from other malignancies. According to some hypotheses depression disorder associated with pancreatic cancer may be related to immunological interference with the activity of serotonin.

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