Our findings show marked predominance of Th2 type cytokines occurring in twin pregnancies is related to the increase in trophoblasts during the first trimester.

There were no measurable differences in these variables between the control and the hypotension with the duration of <2 min groups. While, the plasma xanthine, serum uric acid and plasma malondialdehyde levels in the hypotension group with the duration of > or =2 min were significantly higher than those in the control group without the significant differences in blood gases and pH-levels.

The duration of the second stage of labor up to 3 h does not influence lipid peroxidation in the fetoplacental circulation in uncomplicated pregnancies.

We present here a case of uterine perforation following manual removal of the placenta during the third stage of normal labor. Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed, and the 4x3-cm perforation of the uterus and placenta accreta were confirmed. In this case, the round ligament covering the hematoma prevented bleeding into the peritoneal cavity and peritonitis. Manual removal of the placenta should be performed carefully following ultrasonographic assessment for placental abnormalities such as placenta accreta.

No abstract