Peripheral neuropathy is a common adverse effect associated with the use of a group of chemotherapeutic agents including paclitaxel (PTX) which negatively affect the quality of life of cancer survivors. In addition, it is considered as a dose-limiting side effect that hinder completion of appropriate chemotherapy regimen. In spite of 27 years of research in mechanisms of PTX neuropathy, there is no approved therapy for prevention of PTX-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN). Thus, there is a continuous need to characterize the possible mechanisms associates with PIPN in order to find appropriate targeted therapy for this clinical problem. In this review, most of the recent findings of the cellular targets implicated in PIPN are summarized.