No abstract

A likely explanation for the etiology of lumbar pars defects is insufficient caudal increase in lumbar interfacet spacing. Further prospective studies are necessary to determine if unaffected individuals with a narrowed interfacet spacing are at increased risk of developing spondylolytic defects later in life.

The CSISS is a useful new adjunct in the treatment and classification of lower cervical spine injuries. The system is reliable, reproducible, and teachable. It is clinically useful for all levels of orthopedic training and experience.

LCL and combined lateral ligamentous injuries can be differentiated during arthroscopy with varus stress. This may be useful when deciding if there is a need for operative repair of any injured lateral ligamentous structures.