Two thermally cross-linkable hole transport polymers that contain phenoxazine and triphenylamine moieties, X-P1 and X-P2, are developed for use in solution-processed multi-stack organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Both X-P1 and X-P2 exhibit satisfactory cross-linking and optoelectronic properties. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of X-P1 and X-P2 are -5.24 and -5.16 eV, respectively. Solution-processed super yellow polymer devices (ITO/X-P1 or X-P2/PDY-132/LiF/Al) with X-P1 or X-P2 hole transport layers of various thicknesses are fabricated with the aim of optimizing the device characteristics. The fabricated multi-stack yellow devices containing the newly synthesized hole transport polymers exhibit satisfactory currents and power efficiencies. The optimized X-P2 device exhibits a device efficiency that is dramatically improved by more than 66% over that of a reference device without an HTL.

Metaplastic breast carcinoma is uncommon, constitutes ≤ 5% of all breast cancers, and is classified into various subtypes with varying incidences. Of these subtypes, spindle cell carcinoma represents approximately 0.3% of all invasive breast carcinomas in women. The spindle cell carcinoma subtype of metaplastic breast carcinoma is typically triple negative and has distinct clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics. To date, there is no effective treatment for this malignancy. Herein, we report a case of spindle cell carcinoma of the breast in a 71 year-old man who presented with a palpable mass in his left breast. Breast ultrasonography revealed a 1.1× 2.6 cm hypoechoic welldemarcated ovoid mass. The patient underwent excisional biopsy. Pathological findings indicated a diagnosis of spindle cell carcinoma of the breast, and the patient underwent a modified radical mastectomy. The final pathological report indicated a 6.5× 3.0 cm malignant spindle cell tumor.

Purpose: Five-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the basement drug of chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer. Recently, 5-FU and oxaliplatin or irinotecan is to be used by merging. This study investigated the chemosensitivity of 5-FU in patients with colorectal cancer, the additional effects of oxaliplatin or irinotecan to chemosensitivity when they are combined, and the effects of clinicopathologic factors to chemosensitivity. Methods: We performed in vitro chemosensitivity test for the fresh tumor tissue of 48 patients of colorectal cancer and evaluated the chemosensitivity to standard drugs (5-FU, 5-FU plus oxaliplatin: FOx, and 5-FU plus irinotecan: FIri) by using Histoculture drug response assay. Results:The average chemosensitiviy of FOx and FIri were significantly higher than that of 5-FU (32.3% and 36.0% vs. 21.8%, P< 0.001). The chemosensitivity of FOx in the lymph node (LN) negative group was higher than LN positive group (35.3% vs. 19.3%, P= 0.008). The group of under 70-year-old and the group of negative distant metastasis showed the trends of increased sensitivity to FOx (P= 0.052, respectively). The chemosensitivity to FIri in the well or moderately differentiated group was significantly higher than the poorly differentiated goup (35.2% vs. 15.0%, P= 0.038). Ki-67 positive group showed significantly increased chemosensitivity to FIri (P= 0.021). Conclusion:This study demonstrates that combination of oxaliplatin or irinotecan to 5-FU can be more effective than 5-FU on in vitro chemosensitivity assay in colorectal cancer tissues. Oxaliplatin might be effective in LN negative group, and irinotecan might be effective in well differentiated group and Ki-67 positive group.