Abstract:Rapid urbanization and the increased use of private vehicles have led to many urban problems. Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been proposed as a solution to these problems. The present study examined the relationship between meso-scale urban form and bus ridership, as well as the link between bus and subway use in Seoul, Republic of Korea. Spatial regression models identified the effects of TOD planning factors on bus ridership at 2300 target bus stops in Seoul. The analysis revealed that TOD planning factors have a significant positive impact on bus ridership. In addition, the result indicated a complementary relationship between bus and subway use, implying that transportation policies designed to promote bus transport use through connecting bus and subway services may be effective strategies.