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Everyday life on bridge construction sites is commonly characterized by enormous pressure due to time and costs as well as difficult logistic requirements. Modern process simulation tools can be applied with increasing success. Projects are often affected by unscheduled constraints and limitations, that give reason to deviate from the formerly optimized plan, and to find ad-hoc solutions, especially in the erection phase. In order to meet these requirements, simulation tools in the erection phase with a more specific database are needed. An approach based on accurate day-to-day data for the current project state at any time is needed. These data then facilitate the simulation of possible variations for ongoing optimization. At first, it is necessary to determine, which choice of data is significant and actually needed for evaluating the day-to-day status in bridge construction progress. Secondly, the required data must be captured as efficiently as possible during the ongoing working activities.

Sebastian Hollermann Institute for Construction Engineering and ManagementBauhaus-Universitat Weimar Marienstra/)e 7 D-99423 Weimar, GERMANY This paper identifies construction constraints for a constraint simulation of a construction flow. Therefore the construction environment and the methodologies of scheduling in construction are analyzed. Typical characteristics of construction schedules are classified. The relationship between different activities or between activities and building elements or between different building elements are examples for identified classes. With these characteristic construction schedules of real construction projects are analyzed. The results of this survey of construction schedules and the identified strategies of construction methods are presented in this paper in order to understand the process of scheduling. Based on that, the results of constraint based scheduling simulation can be improved a lot. Additionally, the reliability of construction schedules can be improved. Thru the productivity in construction can be increased.

The site installation for a construction site should be optimized for the environment, the construction itself and the construction methods. To support the process of site installation planning a perspective projection in combination with head tracking of the participants in the planning process is helpful. By this, clashes between the construction and site installation equipment can be avoided. However for planning a site installation the different perspectives of involved parties at the same time are needed. But in a perspective projection one cannot point out things so that others can see what is pointed at, because all get the same perspective projection. Therefore a multi-user environment with perspective projection is helpful. Furthermore the interaction between different experts is needed to find the optimum. A perspective projection in combination with head tracking for multi-users can solve this problem. Since quite some time product models like building information models can be visualized in virtual reality. Only placing the objects of site installation within this BIM model is not enough because a typical construction site changes dynamically during the construction time. Therefore a product model linked with a time schedule to 4D construction model is needed as base for the planning of the construction site. Based on that, the site installation can be developed according to the requirements of the construction process. Furthermore, the objects of site installation have to be modeled with their parameters. Thus movements and processes flows can be check.