Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Balkan ülkelerinin ekonomik ve finansal yapısını tarihsel bir süreç içerisinde inceleyerek, bu ekonomilerin temel sorunlarını analiz etmektir. Bu doğrultuda 1990 sonrası dönemde kişi başına gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYH), büyüme hızı, enflasyon, işsizlik, finansal gelişme seviyesi, brüt katma değerin sektörler arası dağılımı ve dış ticaret performansı verileri kullanılarak Balkan ülkelerinin ekonomik ve finansal performansları değerlendirilmiş ve bunun artırılması için çeşitli çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Çalışmada Balkan ülkeleri olarak, topraklarının tamamı Balkanlar içinde yer alan Arnavutluk, Bosna Hersek, Bulgaristan, Karadağ, Kosova, Makedonya ve Yunanistan ile topraklarının yüzde 20'sinden fazlası yine bu bölgede yer alan Sırbistan, Hırvatistan ve Slovenya olmak üzere on ülke analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca Balkan ülkelerinin gerek coğrafi gerekse ekonomik yakınlığı nedeniyle AB-15 ülkeleri ile dış ticaretine daha yakından bakmak amacıyla Helmers ve Pasteels (2006) tarafından geliştirilen "Indicative Trade Potential" (ITP) indeks aracılığı ile her iki ülke grubu arasındaki ticaret akışları incelenmiş ve Balkan ülkelerinin ürün düzeyinde ihracat potansiyeli belirlenmiştir.

Abstract-This study analyzes the potential effects of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) on Turkey's trade patterns in the US market against the EU. Therefore, this study aims to determine the sectors in which Turkey competes relatively more strongly with the EU in the US market. Moreover, taking into account the product heterogeneity within the sectors, this study focuses on whether this competition relies on price differentials or not. To do so, we carry out a detailed analysis of exports of Turkey and the EU based on export product similarity and price similarity indices. The study covers the 2010-2014 period at country-and sector-levels, using disaggregated product data. Our results show that even Turkey's competition with the EU in the US market is not so strong in general, there are still some sectors in which the degree of competition is quite considerable such as textiles and textile products; articles of stone, plaster, cement, ceramic and glass; arms and ammunition; vegetable products; animal or vegetable fats or oils. Moreover, except in the "arms and ammunition" sector, the TTIP has the potential to change trade patterns in favor of the EU, while Turkey is likely to lose competitiveness in these sectors.

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This article analyzes the determinants of the direct and indirect export propensity of firms operating in countries from different income groups, focusing on the role of innovation. For this purpose, firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey are utilized. In the literature, there are several papers examining the link between innovation activities and export performance of the firms. Some of them also consider endogeneity of innovation in this link. The findings of the study indicate the endogeneity of innovation in the relationship between export propensity and innovation activities. When this endogeneity is controlled, product and process innovation activities of the firms increase their probability of exporting directly and indirectly. This impact is higher on direct exports. In addition, product innovation increases the export propensity more compared to process innovation. These results call for firms that decide to export to focus on their innovation activities. On the other hand, the results of the study show that larger and foreignowned firms are more likely to export, R&D expenditures increase the probability of innovation rather than export propensity. Moreover, firm age does not affect the export propensity but has a positive effect on product innovation and a negative effect on process innovation. Finally, the experience of top manager increases the probability of the firm to export directly, but does not affect the indirect export propensity.