Based on the results of this placebo-controlled report, LLLT is an appropriate treatment for TMD and should be considered as an alternative to other methods.

This study investigated the psychological well-being and overall health of a group of Turkish dental students and their sources of stress. Two hundred and seventy-seven students (57 percent female) from Gazi University Dental Faculty completed the Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire, the Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) index, and the SF-36 Health Survey. The results showed that the DES scores increased over the ive-year period. Pressure to perform, faculty and administration, workload, and students' perceptions of their self-eficacy were the most stress-provoking factors. Students whose irst choice was dentistry experienced less stress and fewer health problems (p<0.05) than students whose irst choice had not been dentistry. Psychological well-being and overall health were signiicantly associated with year of study. Statistically signiicant gender differences were observed on depressed mood and anxiety dimension scores of PGWB. Female students experienced greater stress than males, while male students had better overall health than females (p<0.01). Students who lived with their parents had lower PGWB scores (p<0.05). Age was signiicantly related with the DES and PGWB scores. These results found that stress among these Turkish dental students was inluenced by gender, year of study, social background, and lifestyle. Based on the results of this study, recommendations can be made for changes in the dental education system in order to reduce stress among dental students especially during the last two years of study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the late effects of treatment for childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) on oral health and dental development. Thirty-six long-term survivors that had been treated with chemotherapy of childhood NHL were included in this study and 36 volunteers with similar age and sex distribution served as controls. Both groups underwent a complete orodental examination for decayed, missing and filled teeth and surfaces, gingival and periodontal health according to the Loe-Silness Gingival Index and Sillnes-Loe Plaque Index, enamel defects and discolorations, root malformations, eruption status, agenesis, premature apexifications and microdontia. The severity of these disturbances related to age at the time of NHL diagnosis were also evaluated by creating two groups as < 5 yr and > 5 yr. Although none of the parameters altered with age, patients had significantly higher plaque index, more enamel discolorations and root malformations than did the controls. The results show that long-term survivors of NHL patients exhibit some orodental disturbances that may be attributed to the chemotherapy regimens.

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The results of this study suggest that single-session intraoral LLLT is more effective than extraoral application for reducing postoperative pain. It was postulated that the differences between skin and mucosa could have effect on the results. Although intraoral use would allow closer application to the surgical site, the size of some laser devices precludes their use intraorally.