Lexis-based views of second or foreign language (L2) teaching place prime importance on the teaching of conventionalized multi-word lexical items, or unanalyzed chunks, as a useful mechanism for fostering learners’ creative production of forms and their subsequent development of L2 competence. This pretest/posttest quasi-experimental study probed the use of teacher-designed multi-purpose instructional lexis software, dubbed LexisBOARD, on L2 learners’ vocabulary achievement in an Iranian EFL (English as a foreign language) context. A cohort of 50 Iranian junior-high-school students participated in the main instructional phase of the study. Instruction on L2 lexical items (e.g., concordances, polywords, or formulaic sequences) was mainly given to the experimental group using LexisBOARD, which was designed to be user-friendly and attuned to learners’ communicative and curricular needs. LexisBOARD offered further practice or feedback affordances through engaging students in lexical exercises (with word partnerships and collocations) for each unit and several quizzes for self-assessment. The control group was only taught using their mainstream EFL textbooks focusing on grammatical rules, discrete vocabulary items with fixed meanings, and reading texts, without any use of corpus-based activities. The results of the groups’ vocabulary test scores indicate that the lexis group significantly outperformed the control group, pointing to the superiority of practicing and learning L2 vocabulary when lexical items are seen in larger, more holistic ways and, especially, when engaging and experimenting with lexis is scaffolded through computer affordances.

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Ecosystem mangrove is an important ecosystem both ecologically and economically. Therefore, this ecosystem needs to be managed in a sustainable manner. Mangrove rehabilitation is one of the activities to reduce the rate of destruction of mangrove forests and it is a conservation effort on damaged mangrove land. The purposes of the research were to analyse the rate growth of seedling Rhizophora sp. after rehabilitation, and the correlation between environmental parameters and seedling growth in mangrove rehabilitation, Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh. The observation was started from January to March 2022. The results obtained are important data in planning sustainable mangrove forest management. The highest increasing in stem height and stem diameter of Rhizophora sp. were at stations one with values of 1.22 cm week−1 and 0.25 mm week−1. All sampling location showed the number of leaves was increased 1 leave week−1. The highest increasing of stem height at the fourth week with the value were 2.1 cm week−1 in station 1, and 2.2 cm week−1 for station 2. The pearson correlation explained that there was no significantly correlation between environmental characteristics included C-organic, soil fraction, nitrogen (N total), potassium (K), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and temperature with seedlings growth of Rhizophora sp where Psig.>0.05. However, the soil profile consisted of Phosphorous (P) and salinity was significantly correlation with seedling growth due to Psig. <0.05.

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The genus Epilobium has about 200 species in which taxonomic subdivisions are difficult but possible. Species E. minutiflorum due to its fluffy white inflorescence and small miniature flowers and beaked seeds, it is one of the most prominent species of the genus Epilobium in the region. We have no data on the population genetic structure of this species in the Iran. Therefore a population genetic and morphological investigation was performed through light on genetic and morphological variability in this taxa. We used SCoT molecular markers for population genetic investigation. Genetic diversity analyses revealed a moderate genetic variability between E. minutiflorum populations, while PCoA showed some degree of genetic admixture among populations. AMOVA produced significant genetic difference among populations. Morphometric analysis showed that high degree of overlap among the studied populations. However, the results showed that SCoT marker has a good discrimination power and can differentiate the studied populations. This marker can be used to evaluate genetic diversity and identify genotypes of E. minutiflorum populations.