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:Odisha is the state where villages are located in rural areas with little connectivity and extremes of seasonality and dominated by 37 per cent of small and marginal farmers with high level of unemployment. And as development approach Microfinance has evolved to benefit the socially and economically underprivileged facing difficulty in accessing institutional finance. It is particularly attractive as a tool to help the poor, since it is widely seen as improving livelihoods, reducing vulnerability, and fostering social as well as economic empowerment. TRIPTI stands for "Targeted Rural Initiatives for Poverty Termination and Infrastructure", an IDA (World Bank) assisted livelihood project being implemented by Orissa Poverty Reduction Mission (OPRM) under Panchayati Raj Department in the state of Odisha. TRIPTI focuses mostly on institutional building (Promotion and strengthening of SHGs and their federation) and the livelihood options of the community with the participation of all types of stake holders. For the further refinement of the programme, an understanding about the extent of people participation has studied by using binary logit model to primary data. An attempt to evaluate the performance of TRIPTI in terms of access to finance revealed that TRIPTI membership was having significant influence upon access of credit. As TRIPTI programme was found having significant influence upon credit access, it is to appreciate the factors influencing participation in TRIPTI which hence forth revealed the significant role of education and good extension contact through binary logit model.

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Rainfall data from 1979-2019 was analysed across the agro climatic zones in transition region of Karnataka. Rainfall Anomaly Index and Mean deviation methods are used to identify drought years and wet years over both spatial and temporal on time scale. The North Eastern Transition Zone can be considered as most vulnerable zone as it recorded for about 24 dry years values which indicates existence of persistence drought in this zone. The Northern Transition Zone is not vulnerable when compared to Northern Eastern Transition Zone as most of the drought year values are nearer to wet year values (RAI -0.3 to -1.2) which implies that this zone has moderate drought condition. The Southern transition zone has normal drought condition (RAI +0.3 to -0.3) which implies neither wet nor neither dry condition. But if proper conservations were not taken, this zone may come in the hit list of most vulnerable zone in near future which will harm the farming community.

Among all agricultural farm inputs like seed, soil, machinery, fertilizer, irrigation etc. A good quality seed is a considered as major important farm input as it directly contributes to a good crop production which further makes farmer to earn income by marketing the surplus to consumers. Different seed brands are realised by public and private companies in the market which is becoming a challenging for farmer to choose a good quality seed brand for cultivation purpose. As tomato is considered as one of most profitable crop, majority of the farmers choose it for commercial purpose. A study was made to know about the farmers' brand preference towards tomato seed and finding the reasons that making farmer to choose a specific brand. Study has conducted by choosing two blocks i.e., Mulakalacheruvu and Nimmanapalle of Chittoor district and information was collected from 120 sample farmers from cluster of villages through random sampling procedure. Top eight brands of tomato seed were taken for study and ranking was done through simple weighted average method and it was found that majority of the farmers prefer SAHOO (TO-3251) followed by PHS SWEAKAR (448). Because of its characteristics of high yield and resistance to pest and diseases and when specific brand gives good crop yields for farmers, then the studies analysed that there will be repetitive purchase of that brand and farmers will shift irrespective of considering the cost of seed.