Repetition of the training sessions is suggested to achieve continuous improvement. Provision of posters and booklets about a bill of patient rights within the hospitals and conduction of further study to examine nurses' performance and patients' satisfaction based on code of ethics are recommended.

Background: Transformational leadership of nursing clinical educators is preferred for facing challenges that arise from the technological changes of globalization in nursing clinical education. It is also a creative approach which needed to deal with these challenges through enhancement of nursing clinical educators' sense of responsibility. The study was aimed to determine the effect of implementing transformational leadership educational program on sense of responsibility of nursing clinical educators at Faculty of Nursing. Subjects and Method: Design: Quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: Tanta University, Faculty of Nursing. Subject: All (80) nursing clinical educators at the above mentioned setting. Tools: Three tools were used to collect data; I: Nursing clinical educators' knowledge questionnaire about transformational leadership and sense of responsibility. II: Nursing clinical educators' transformational leadership questionnaire. III: Nursing clinical educators' sense of responsibility questionnaire. Results: Majority of nursing clinical educators had poor knowledge level of transformational leadership and sense of responsibility at pre-educational program, while at immediate post and 3 months post educational program, majority of them had good knowledge level. Majority of nursing clinical educators rated themselves as low level of transformational leadership and sense of responsibility at pre-educational program decreased to low percent at immediate post educational program, and at 3 months post educational program. Conclusion: Nursing clinical educators at Tanta University Faculty of Nursing showed low knowledge level of transformational leadership and sense of responsibility. Also, they rated themselves as low level of transformational leadership and sense of responsibility. Nursing clinical educators develop transformational leadership and sense of responsibility after implementation of program. Recommendations: Nursing faculty give more consideration to the crucial role of transformational leadership and sense of responsibility to upgrade the nursing clinical educators.

Background: The risks associated with the delivery of healthcare services are increased in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to develop a manual for safety measures in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in selected hospitals at Port Said city. This methodological study involved 48 experts for validation of the manual, which was developed by the researcher based on assessment findings. The data collection tools included an opinionnaire for jury. The manual was validated through experts' opinions. The manual is valid by high percentages of jury agreement upon its face and content validity, reaching unanimous agreement in many of the items. The study recommends use of the developed manual in ICUs, with close supervision, and a system of rewards and punishment. The hospital administration must establish patient safety as a priority in its mission, and provide all needed equipment and supplies. Training courses in patient safety are strongly recommended. Further research is suggested to assess the impact of the use of the developed manual on nurses' performance of patient safety measures.