be immunogenic in this age group, with all infants enrolled in the study capable of producing adequate serotype-specific IgG to at least 9 of the 23 serotypes at 12 months of age.Nevertheless, there are several issues concerning the use of 23vPPV in children younger than 2 years that require further clarification. It will be important to monitor the kinetics of the immune response over time, because recent studies and our own data raise the possibility that early administration of full-dose 23vPPV may result in immune hyporesponsiveness to subsequent challenge with polysaccharide antigens. 9 Further investigations including disease incidence and nasopharyngeal carriage data are required to clarify this issue.

No abstract

Increases in Th1 and Tc1 cell populations and IL-17 expression might be involved in the mechanism of pathogenesis of IgG4-related sclerosing sialadenitis.

No abstract

The findings indicated latent obstructive lung function changes in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. The cytokines in nasal secretions might be related to obstructive lung function changes in chronic rhinosinusitis.