No abstract

Pedestrians, as the most vulnerable road users, are more severely affected when involved in an accident. For this reason, it is important to reduce the risk of pedestrian accidents to increase the safety of highway traffic. The majority of accidents involving pedestrians occur during street crossings where motor vehicles are present. Hence, pedestrians are encouraged to cross safely at crosswalks that are either controlled by a signal or not. Accidents involving pedestrians can be reduced by analysing pedestrian crossing behaviours and designing crosswalks accordingly. Crosswalk design as well as traffic signal phasing need to give enough time for pedestrians to complete their crossing during the green signal phase. For this reason, pedestrian crossing speed and factors affecting this have been analysed in this study. The outcomes can be used to help decision makers and engineers to design ideal pedestrian facilities.

Hizmet kalitesi, 1980'lerden bu yana, önemli bir konu olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Kişiden kişiye farklılık gösterebildiği ve somut bir çıktı üretmediği için, hizmet kalitesinin ölçümü, ürün kalitesine kıyasla daha zordur. Hizmet kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi için, literatürde çok sayıda model geliştirilmiştir. Ulaştırma iş kolu, hizmet iş kolunun önde gelen bileşenlerinden birisidir. Toplu taşımanın kalitesinin arttırılması, kentlerin gelişiminde ve özel araç kullanımının toplu ulaşıma yönlendirilmesinde kuvvetli bir etkendir. Otobüs hizmetlerinin kalitesi, toplu ulaşımın kalitesinin ölçülmesine olanak sağlayan TS-EN 13816 Standardına göre tanımlanmıştır. İstanbul'da otobüsler için hizmet kalite ölçütleri belirlenmiş olup performansları sistematik bir şekilde ölçülmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, otobüs hizmetlerinin kalitesinin değerlendirmek için, İETT tarafından internet üzerinden kullanıcılara uygulanan memnuniyet anketlerinin 2177 tanesinin sonuçları kullanılarak faktör analizi uygulanmış ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon modeli oluşturulmuştur. Ortaya çıkan 2 faktör incelendiğinde, kullanıcıların hizmete erişime, konfordan daha fazla önem verdikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, kullanıcı anketlerinin sonuçları, hizmet sağlayıcıların görüşleri ile karşılaştırılmış, iki kesimin görüşü arasında yalnızca %1.733'lik fark gözlemlenmiştir.

Service quality is one of the main issues that today's world. Firms operating in the transportation sector are also trying to improve the quality of the service they provide to their passengers. It is crucial to determine the passengers' service quality perceptions and priorities to evaluate and improve the service in this context. In this study, Kocaeli's tram service users' service quality perceptions have been evaluated by applying a survey consisting of 20 questions and user satisfaction levels from different service dimensions. Later, an artificial neural network model was developed using the users' demographic data and their responses to the survey questions to mimic their service quality satisfaction. The artificial neural network model developed has been examined to understand the importance that tram users give to service quality. Using the developed the "change of score" method, how the changes to be made in the tram system will affect the quality of service and how the opinions of different user groups will be affected can be examined in detail. The artificial neural network model's prediction capability was compared with the multiple linear regression model and found superior. According to the developed Change of Score Method, the most frequent user attaches the highest importance to the service dimensions of the convenience to pay for the tram, getting his/her destination on time, and reducing environmental pollution.

In this study, Marshall design test parameters of hot mix asphalt samples with various rates of Hydrated Lime (HL) content were modelled using Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). HL was used as an additive material in asphalt mixtures and it affects the properties of the mixture. The effect of this material varies depending on the rate of use and the asphalt content of the mixtures. With the Marshall Stability test, optimal Asphalt Content (AC) ratios in the mixtures were obtained. The effect of the HL additive, which was introduced precisely in the mixtures in a wide range, on the Marshall parameters and depending also on the asphalt content was investigated. For this purpose, 15 Marshall design sets were prepared by decreasing the ratio of the mineral filler in the mixture starting from 6.8% by weight, by 0.5% intervals, and replacing it with the same ratio of HL. In addition, 45 control samples were produced for soft-computation. Marshall test results showed that the use of HL additive with lower amounts in the mixtures yields better results compared to higher rates in terms of the material properties. The Marshall test results were used to develop the FL and ANN models. The models which were developed produced acceptable estimations of the mixture parameters.