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Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 12-week standard versus weighted jump rope training on physical fitness tests including anaerobic power, speed, agility and flexibility in female adolescent volleyball players.Methods: Twenty-five female volleyball players were recruited to the study. Participants were randomly separated into three study groups; weighted jump rope training (n=8), standard jump rope training (n=9) and control group (n=8). All participants were assessed at baseline and after 12-week training. Physical fitness was measured by using vertical jump test, 30-meter sprint test, hexagonal obstacle test, zigzag test and sit and reach test. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results:Comparisons showed that after 12-week training, weighted jump-rope training resulted in higher improvements in anaerobic power (p=0.03) and agility (p=0.003) when compared to control training; and higher improvement in agility when compared to standard jump rope training (p=0.001). In addition, at the end of training, speed and flexibility gains were similar in all groups (p>0.05).Discussion: Weighted jump rope training resulted in higher improvements of anaerobic power and agility in female adolescent volleyball players. The findings of the study provide basic knowledge for developing training protocols for adolescent volleyball players. Yöntemler: Yirmi beş kadın voleybol oyuncusu çalışmaya dahil edildi. Katılımcılar ağırlıklı ip atlama (n=8), standart ip atlama (n=9) ve kontrol grubu (n=8) olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrıldı. Tüm katılımcılar eğitim öncesi ve 12 haftalık eğitimin ardından tekrar değerlendirildi. Fiziksel uygunluk, dikey sıç-rama, 30 metre sprint, beşgen engel, zikzak test ve otur-uzan testleri kullanılarak değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel analizde ANOVA kullanıldı. Sonuçlar:On iki haftalık eğitimin ardından ağırlıklı ip atlama grubunda kontrol grubu ile karşılaş-tırıldığında anaerobik güç (p=0.03) ve çeviklikte (p=0.003); standart ip atlama grubu ile karşılaş-tırıldığında ise çeviklikte (p=0.001) daha fazla gelişme kaydedildi. Ayrıca, eğitim sonucunda hız ve esneklik kazanımı tüm gruplarda benzer bulundu (p> 0.05).Tartışma: Adolesan kadın voleybol oyuncularında ağırlıklı ip atlama eğitimi anaerobik güç ve çe-viklikte daha fazla kazanım ile sonuçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, adolesan voleybol oyuncuları için eğitim protokolleri geliştirilmesinde temel bilgi sunmaktadır.Anahtar kelimeler: Adolesan; pliometrik egzersiz; sporcu sağlığı; voleybol.

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the intake of an isotonic sports drink (500 ml water, 32 gr carbonhydrate, 120 mg calcium, 248 mg chloride, 230 mg sodium) the level of the skeletal muscle damage of orienteering athletes. [Subjects and Methods] The study was carried out on 21 male elite orienteering athletes. The athletes were divided into two groups by randomized double-blind selection. The experimental group (n=11) was given the isotonic sports drink, while the placebo group (n=10) was given 500 ml pure water. Blood samples were taken pre-competition, post-competition, 2 hours post-competition and 24 hours post-competition. [Results] The pre-c troponin, myoglobin and creatinine kinase serum levels of the placebo group were significantly lower than the post-competition and 2 hours post-competition values. The 24 hours post-competition levels of the same analyses were also significantly lower than the post-c and 2 hours post-competition. The pre-competition troponin, myoglobin and creatinine kinase levels of the experimental group were found to be significantly lower than the post-competition, 2 hours post-competition 24 hours post-competition values. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the intake of supportive sports drinks before exercising significantly prevents the observed muscle damage. The study showed that serum myoglobin levels between the experimental and the placebo group is significantly different during the 2 hours post-competition period. [Conclusion] The level of serum creatinine kinase and myoglobin accurately shows the extent of the muscle damage. However, further studies on the effect of isotonic sports drink in different training programs on the cell membrane and the muscle damage are needed.

"Regular physical exercise plays an important role in reducing obesity, preventing hyperglycemia, lowering blood lipids and reducing systemic blood pressure. But the question about the nature of the relationship between homocysteine, nitric oxide and physical activity remains unanswered. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of callisthenic exercises on plasma lipids, homocysteine (Hcy), total nitric oxide (NOx) and body composition in middle-aged healthy sedentary women. Forty-two middle-aged women (ages: 28-49; mean: 41.40 ± 7.3 years) were asked to perform a callisthenic exercise 50 min per session, 3 times per week for 12 weeks in a sports hall. Before and after the exercise, plasma lipids (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride), Hcy and NO were determined. Body composition, including body mass index, fat percentage, fat free mass, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rates were measured. After a 12-week callisthenic exercise program, plasma NOx and Hcy levels were found to be significantly increased (P < 0.05). Body composition parameters, lipid profile, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Aerobic callisthenic exercises characterized by 50 min/day and 3 days/week resulted in positive changes in important health parameters like reducing obesity, lowering blood lipids and increasing plasma NOx. Cardiovascular improvements might be dependent on the increase of NOx values. But callisthenic exercise in such intensity did not lower the plasma Hcy level. Moreover, Hcy level increased significantly. The result shows that if the Hcy is in the normal levels in healthy subjects, long-term callisthenic exercise do not decrease the Hcy levels despite some beneficial effects on health. On the contrary, the Hcy levels are increased by long-term callisthenic exercises."