Özet:Mersin ilinde faaliyet gösteren yedi Gökkuşağı alabalığı işletmesinde bir yıl süreyle 260 adet farklı büyüklüklerde balık örneği ve 56 adet su örneği Gram pozitif bakteri florası açısından klasik izolasyon ve identifikasyon yöntemleriyle incelenmiştir. İzolatların identifikasyonu ticari ID32Strep hızlı kiti (BioMerieux) ile yapılmıştır. Balık örneklerinin 63'ünde (%24.23) ve su örneklerinin 9'unda (%16.07) 59 adet Gram pozitif, katalaz ve oksidaz negatif kok izole edilmiştir. V. İşletmede yıl boyunca herhangi bir kokkal izolata rastlanmazken, işletmelerin hiçbirinde kış aylarında Gram pozitif, katalaz ve oksidaz negatif kok saptanmamıştır. Gram pozitif, katalaz ve oksidaz negatif kok izolatlar Aerococcus viridans, Enterococcus durans/hirae, Enterococcus faecium-1, Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus lactis lactis, Leuconostoc spp. ve Streptococcus anginosus olarak identifiye edilmiştir. Bu bakterilerin izole edildiği 62 balıktan 28'inde (%45.16) renkte kararma, gözde matlık, tek ya da çift taraftlı eksoftalmus, solungaçta kansızlık gibi hastalık belirtileri ve 7'sinde (%11.29) karaciğerde kanama ve anemi görülmüştür. Antibakteriyel duyarlılık testleri bu izolatların gentamisin, oksitetrasiklin, neomisin, enrofloksasin, eritromisin ve streptomisin'e duyarlı olduklarını gösterirken çoğunun sulfametoksazol-trimetoprim'e dirençli olduklarını ortaya koymuştur. MersinÜniversitesi BAP-SÜF-YB (SÖ) 2004-2 no'lu projenin bir kısmıdır. Özer ve ark., 2(3): 272-283 (2008) 273 Abstract: Streptococcocis occurence at rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) cultivated in province Mersin-TurkeyDuring a one year period 260 various sized fish samples and 56 water samples at seven rainbow trout farms in province Mersin were investigated for Gram positive-catalase and oxydase negative coccal bacteria with classical isolation and identification methods. The isolates were identified with ID32Strep rapid kit. 59 Gram positive-catalase and oxydase negative cocci were isolated from 63 (24.23%) fish samples and 9 (16.07%) water samples. Gram positive-catalase and oxydase negative cocci were not found at fish farms in winter and at the fifth farm during the year. Gram positive-catalase negative coccal isolates were identified as Aerococcus viridans, Enterococcus durans/hirae, Enterococcus faecium-1, Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus lactis lactis, Leuconostoc spp. and Streptococcus anginosus. Clinical signs like darkening of skin, corneal opacity, uni-or bilateral exophthalmia, anemic gills were diagnosed at 28 of 62 bacteria-isolated fishes (45.16%) and 7 (11.29%) of them had haemorraghia and anemia at liver. While antibacterial susceptibility tests verified, that these isolates were susceptible to gentamycin, oxitetracycline, neomycin, enrofloxacin, eritromycin and streptomycin, most of them were resistant to sulphamethoxazole-trimetoprim.

A total of 22 motile Aeromonas strains were detected in 48 (18.53%) of 259 fish and 6 (10.71%) of 56 water samples obtained from seven commercial rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) farms in the province of Mersin, Turkey. These strains were identified by conventional microbiological techniques and by using an ID32GN system. Of these isolates 20 (91.3%) were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila and 2 (8.7%) as Aeromonas sobria. While 8 of the A. hydrophila strains were isolated from water samples, 12 isolates were from fish samples. Whereas A. hydrophila strains were found in all farms, A. sobria was detected in only two farms. Genetic diversity by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) and antimicrobial sensitivity tests were carried out on eight A. hydrophila isolates obtained from water samples, and isolates from seven A. hydrophila and one A. sobria from fish samples. The AP-PCR band patterns of motile aeromonads demonstrated weak similarity to the A. hydrophila reference strain ATCC 7966. Five A. hydrophila strains in the water samples displayed genetic similarity, but three others were different. Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from fish samples possessed slight similarities, and A. sobria was genetically distant to all A. hydrophila strains. An antimicrobial sensitivity test of 16 isolates revealed that 100% were sensitive to gentamicin, 87.5% to sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 62.5% to enrofloxacin, 43.8% to oxytetracycline, 37.5% to neomycin, 18.75% to streptomycin and 6.25% to erythromycin. All isolates were resistant to novobiocin.

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Marsh frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus) are preferred in European cuisine. In recent years, interest in farming of marsh frogs has increased, but little is known about their bacterial diseases. This research was carried out in a marsh frog farming operation in Mersin, Turkey, in order to determine the bacterial diversity. For this purpose, a total of 339 frog, 30 water, and 8 feed samples were collected. Isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out by conventional techniques and the VITEK-2 compact system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. A total of 239 isolates of 49 different species, including 31 Gram negative rod-shaped bacteria, 9 Gram positive rod-shaped sporeforming bacteria, and 9 Gram positive cocci-shaped non-sporeforming bacteria have been identified. These bacteria species were detected from 25 (83.3%) water, 5 (62.5%) feed samples, and 64 (84.2%) of 76 frog specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility and MAR index values ranged between 1.4-95.8% and 0.13-0.73, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in water, feed and frog specimens, which could pose risk for frogs and human health, have been detected in the marsh frog farm in Mersin. This study reveals, that further investigations are necessary for sustainable marsh frog breeding in Turkey.

Özet:15.12.2006 ve 25.04.2007 tarihleri arasında Mersin İli Çağlarca köyünde bulunan iki Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) işletmesinden su örnekleri, sperma, ovaryum sıvısı, yumurta, döllenmiş yumurta, gözlenmiş yumurta, keseli yavru ve yemlenen yavrulardan örnekler alındı. Örnekler toplam aerobik bakteri sayısı, Gram negatif bakterilerin izolasyonu ve identifikasyonu yönünden klasik yöntemlerle incelendi. Gram negatif bakterilerin identifikasyonu ID32GN kiti (BioMerieux) ile yapıldı. Su kaynaklarının sıcaklık, çözünmüş oksijen, oksijen doygunluğu ve pH değerleri ölçüldü. I. İşletmeden 36 su örneği ve 124 balık örneği, II. işletmeden 41 su örneği ve 146 adet balık örneği laboratuvara getirildi. İşletmelerde kullanılan suyun fizikokimyasal kriterler ve toplam aerobik bakteri sayısı yönünden Gökkuşağı alabalığı yetiştiriciliği için optimum değerler taşıdığı görüldü. I. İşletme örneklerinin ortalama toplam aerobik bakteri sayısı spermada 5.5x10 2 KOB ml -1 ovaryum sıvısında 1.6x10 3 KOB ml -1 , yumurtada 7.0x10 KOB g -1 , dezenfekte edilmiş yumurtada 2.5, döllenmiş yumurtada 8.5x10, dezenfekte edilmiş döllenmiş yumurtada 0, gözlenmiş yumurtada 4.3x10, dezenfekte edilmiş gözlenmiş yumurtada 5.0, keseli yavruda 3.8x10 2 , dezenfekte edilmiş keseli yavruda 2.5x10 ve yemlenen yavruda 2.7x10 5 KOB g -1 ; II. işletmede ise yumurtalarda ve dezenfekte edilmiş yumurtalarda sıfırken, diğerlerinde sırasıyla 2.4x10, 1.3, 2.8x10, 1.1x10 2 , 1.2x10 2 , 6.7x10, 3.7x10 2 , 1.6x10 ve 4.2x10 5 KOB g -1 olarak saptandı. İşletmelerde izole edilen Gram negatif bakteriler Aeromonas hydrophila / caviae, Enterobacter amnigenus, E. cloacae, Hafnia alvei, Pseudomonas fluorescens 1 ve 2, P. aeruginosa, P. oruzihabitans, P. putida, Proteus penneri, Proteus spp., Rahnella aquatilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae, Yersinia ruckeri, Achromobacter denitrificans, Brevundimonas diminuta, Comamonas testosteroni, Kluvyera cryocrescens, Moraxella lacunata, Oligella spp., Pantoea spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ve Sphingomonas paucimobilis olarak identifiye edildi. Özer ve ark., 2(3): 261-271 (2008) 262 Abstract: Microbial flora of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) hatcheries in Çağlarca, province Mersin-TurkeySamples were taken from water, sperma, ovarium fluid, eggs, fertilized eggs, eyed eggs, sac fries and fed fries from two rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) farms in Çağlarca, Mersin between 15.12.2006 and 25.04.2007. They were examined for total aerobic bacteria count, isolation and identification of Gram negative bacteria with classical methods. Identification of Gram negative bacteria were made with ID32GN kit (BioMerieux). Water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation and pH were measured. 36 water samples and 124 fish samples from the first farm and 41 water samples and 146 fish samples from the second farm were analysed. It was found that, water used in farms possess optimum levels of physicochemical criteria and total aerobic bacteria count for rainbow trout bre...