Jogo Tonggo - a social activity from, by, and for the community based on local wisdom, is initiated by the Central Java Provincial Government to anticipate the negative implications of COVID-19 on the health, social and economic sectors. However, in practice, the role of formal key figures (Babinsa, Babinkamtibmas, and Village Midwives) and non-formal (RT/RW) in the context of social capital is a determining factor for the success of the implementation of Jogo Tonggo. The study's objective is to analyse the determinants that influence the success of the implementation of Jogo Tonggo in tackling the impact of the spread of COVID-19 on the health, social, and economic sectors of the community. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with respondents consisting of key formal figures (Babinsa, Babinkamtibmas, Village Midwives), non-formal (RT/RW), and people exposed to COVID-19. Secondary data is obtained from BPS, related ministries and institutions, and the results of previous studies. Data is analysed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that Jogo Tonggo's activities in Central Java helped minimise the spread of COVID-19 and helped recover residents affected by COVID-19 through food assistance provided during the quarantine. The assistance provided to the affected communities has also succeeded in preventing social problems and ensuring security. The strength of social capital supported by community participation and the integration between formal and non-formal figures determine the success of the implementation of Jogo Tonggo.

Shallots are one of the horticultural products that have important economic values. The objective of this study is to analyse the performance of production and price as well as to identify the marketing system of shallot. The research used time-series data from 2009 to 2018. The data was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the harvested area and production of shallot have an increasing trend, while the productivity of shallots has a decreasing trend during the last 10 years (2009 to 2018). The price of shallots has been fluctuating from 2009 to 2018. The fluctuation of shallots price was caused by the fluctuation of production. The distribution of shallots from production centres to end consumers requires marketing services carried out by marketing agents. The shallot marketing channel involves two or more market players. The longer the marketing channel, the higher the marketing margin, and the lower the share of the price would be received by farmers (profit sharing). Conversely, the shorter the marketing channel, the lower the marketing margin and the higher the share of farmers would be. Therefore, to increase farmer share, there should be an institution that could facilitate a shorter marketing margin between farmers and consumers.

ABSTRAKKabupaten Kendal merupakan salah satu sentra produksi jagung di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan produktivitas provinsi dan nasional. Produktivitas tersebut diperoleh petani melalui penggunaan beberapa input produksi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman teknologi usahatani jagung, mengetahui efisiensi, dan sumber inefisiensi serta penyebaran efisiensi berdasarkan sumber-sumber inefisiensi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Wirosari, Kecamatan Patean, Kabupaten Kendal pada bulan Agustus-November 2018. Penelitian menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui metode survei pada 30 petani responden. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan fungsi produksi stochastic frontier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani masih menggunakan input produksi yang beragam sehingga efisiensi teknis yang diperoleh masih rendah, yaitu 0,57. Rendahnya efisiensi ini disebabkan oleh umur dan pendidikan petani, serta pengalaman usahatani. Dengan bertambahnya pengalaman usahatani, umur petani semakin bertambah sehingga efisiensi semakin berkurang karena kemampuan fisik petani semakin berkurang. Di samping dua faktor tersebut, pendidikan yang tinggi justru menjadi penyebab terjadinya inefisiensi usahatani. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan efisiensi usahatani jagung perlu inovasi teknologi usahatani dan mengintensifkan petugas pendamping, serta meningkatkan daya tarik sektor pertanian bagi generasi muda dengan fasilitasi teknologi digital dan program pertukaran pemuda tani. kata kunci: efisiensi, jagung, sumber inefisiensi, sektor pertanian ABSTRACT Kendal District is one of the maize production centers in Central Java Province with higher productivity than provincial productivity. This productivity is obtained by farmers by using production inputs efficiently. This study aimed to determine the performance of maize farming technology, to know the efficiency and sources of inefficiency, and to distribution efficiency based on sources of inefficiency. The study was conducted in Wirosari Village, Patean Subdistrict, Kendal District in August-November 2019. Primary data was collected through a survey method by interviewing 30 respondents. The data was analyzed the stochastic frontier production function. The results showed that the farmer still uses diverse production inputs so that the technical efficiency of maize farming was still low which is 0.57. The low efficiency was caused by the age, education, and farming experience of the farmer. With the increase in farming experience, the age of farmers is increasing so that efficiency decreases because farmers' physical abilities diminish. Therefore, to improve the farming efficiency of maize farming it is necessary to technology innovation and intensifies escort officers, and increase the attractiveness of the agricultural sector for the younger generation by facilitating digital technology and youth farmer exchange programs.

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<p>Farmer’s collective participation in climate anomaly anticipating and managing its impacts are more significant. The study purposed to identify the climate anomaly impact and its anticipation in farmer’s level. The study is conducted in eight districts, i.e., Temanggung, Magelang, Kebumen, Brebes, Kendal, Grobogan, Pati, and Sragen, on July – October 2005. The analysis based on interview of 84 respondents that consist of farmers and officers of local agricultural services. According to the farmers, El Nino affected their farming activities like longer dry season, decreased yield, delay of onset planting season, increased costs for irrigation, seed, pesticides, and cost of land preparation. In farmers’ level, climate anomaly impacts was managed by planting schedules improvement, changing varieties or commodities, and looking for alternative sources of waters. Farmers determine the actions by considering collective decision and the guidance of agriculture extension workers. Time tolerance of farmers tin tailoring climate anomaly is about a month. However, most of farmers manage the farming system based on normal condition. As the climate anomaly is an external factor that affect farming system, local authority should support the farmer’s collective actions through dissemination of anticipation strategies in managing the impacts climate anomaly, and support facilities to implement the strategies.</p>