Heart failure (HF) patients should be systematically educated before discharge on how to manage with standard written materials for patient self-management. However, because of the absence of readily available written materials to reinforce their learned knowledge, patients with HF feel inadequately informed in terms of the discharge information provided to them. This study aimed to develop core content to prepare patients with HF for transition from hospital to home care. The content was validated by expert panelists using Delphi methods. Nineteen draft items based on literature review were developed. We established a consensus on four core sections, including 47 categories and 128 subcategories through the Delphi survey: (1) understanding HF (five categories and 23 subcategories), (2) HF medication (19 categories and 45 subcategories), (3) HF management (20 categories and 47 subcategories), and (4) HF diary (three categories and 13 subcategories). Each section provided easy-to-understand educational contents using cartoon images and large or bold letters for older patients with HF. The developed core HF educational contents showed high consensus between the experts, along with clinical validity. The contents can be used as an educational booklet for both planning discharge education of patients with HF and for post-discharge management when transitioning from hospital to home. Based on this study, a booklet series for HF patients was first registered at the National Library of Korea. Future research should focus on delivering the core content to patients with HF in convenient and accessible format through various media.