Organic fertilizer has been one of soil management to improve crop productivity and soil fertility. Unfortunately, there is little information on optimum level of organic fertilizer for crop cultivation. In this study, we were tried to use the fertilizer recommendation system for determining organic fertilizer application under upland soil condition. This work was carried out; 1) to compare the effects of organic fertilizer and compost application on yields of Chinese cabbage, and 2) to estimate optimum levels on three types of organic fertilizer of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400% with 320 kg N ha -1 . The yield of Chinese cabbage in organic fertilizer plots was ranged from 71.3 to 74.1% compared to yield index of NPK. which was 2-7 times higher than in compost treatments due to improvement of N uptake efficiency. However, organic fertilizer was required addition of about 1.5-2.0 times amount to the 4 Mg ha -1 to gain the same yield of NPK treatment, these was similar soil properties of NPK treatments. This result indicated that fertilizer recommendation system could be alternative to calculate optimum levels of organic fertilizer for crop cultivation in upland soil.

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According to knee simulator test results in the 1970s', the total decrease in thickness of the UHMWPE tibial tray in combination with ceramic femoral component [F-Comp] was less than one tenth of that in combination with metal [1]. These advantages led to the development of a total knee prosthesis [TKP] with alumina ceramics. In this study, we report the wear surface observation, the clinical wear and the oxidation of the retrieved TKP, which was implanted in 1979, and retrieved in 2002. This TKP consisted of an alumina ceramic F-Comp and a UHMWPE tray combined with an alumina ceramic tibial component. Alumina F-Comp did not have any scratches on the surface. The UHMWPE tray had obvious deformation and scratches. The liner wear rate of the tray was 37 mm/year and the volumetric wear rate was 18.8 mm 3 /year. The oxidation indexes were 0.6 in the unworn area, 1.2 in the worn area and 0.2 in the inner area. SEM observations of the F-Comp demonstrated no scratches or pits. In contrast, many scratches were clearly observed on the UHMWPE tray. However, higher magnification observations did not demonstrate severe wear, which was shown in the wear analysis of a metallic F-Comp. The low wear rate and mild wear pattern demonstrate that ceramic F-Comp reduced UHMWPE wear.

The objective of this study was analyzed the replacement ratio of mixed oil cakes(MC) for basal application of inorganic fertilizers. The fields were selected the plastic film house soils for watermelon cultivation. The MC were applied at 50(MC50+N50), 100(MC100), and 150(MC 150) % level of the basal amount of nitrogen fertilizer in soil testing recommendation. And these were compared to NPK treatment and -N(PK) treatment except nitrogen as inorganic fertilizer. The yields of watermelon in MC50+N50, MC100, and MC150 were similar to NPK treatment, but sugar contents as watermelon quality in MC50+N50, MC100, and MC150 were higher than NPK. In MC100 and MC150 treatments, nitrate nitrogen and electrical conductivity were lower than MC50+N50 treatment. Relative nitrogen efficiency of watermelon ranged 109 -128%. These results suggest that MC application with the 100 -150% level of nitrogen input as the basal dressing could be best to prevent a nutrient accumulation of soil and to increase the yield and commercial quality for watermelon.