Effect of ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi, Drasche 1884) tunics carotenoids on enhancing growth and muscle coloring of sea-reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) a b s t r a c t A 120 days trial was conducted to investigate the effect of sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi, Drasche 1884) tunic's carotenoid to sea-reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) growth and muscle color. Sea-rearing was done at Tongyeong sea area, Korea. Three dietary treatments, namely control (C), CT, and AT, were administered to 6 groups of fish (n = 490-520). C was given basal diet which has contained 40 mg kg −1 of astaxanthin. A further inclusion of 10 mg kg −1 canthaxanthin was added to diet of CT, while AT's feed was supplemented with 10 mg kg −1 H. roretzi tunics carotenoids extract. The result revealed that AT has the highest final weight (1119.2 ± 82.4 g) compare to those of C (881.0 ± 121.2 g) and CT (1068.2 ± 4.3 g). The specific growth rate (SGR) of AT (1.0 ± 0.07%/day) was significantly higher than C (0.7 ± 0.22%/day) and CT (0.7 ± 0.25%/day) while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were 1.5 ± 0.6, 1.4 ± 0.6, and 1.2 ± 0.1 for C, CT and AT respectively. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) and Viscerosomatic index (VSI) of all groups showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). The muscle color was also positively affected by the treatments, CT and AT were significantly different from C (p < 005). The initial muscle color score was 1.7 ± 0.0 and the final scores were 3.4 ± 0.2, 5.6 ± 0.1, and 5.7 ± 0.0 for C, CT, and AT respectively. Moreover, muscle carotenoids content of AT (8.5 ± 0.2 mg kg −1 ) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of CT (6.9 ± 0.3 mg kg −1 ) and C (6.1 ± 0.2 mg kg −1 ). Astaxanthin evidently is the most prominent carotenoid present in the muscle from all groups.

The evolution of the information technologies like computer and the Internet has been largely affecting military technology area. It has been changing warfare aspect a lot, and greatly improving high-tech fighting power as well. This study proposes a way to construct and operate the synthetic theater of war in order to improve the national military combat training, based on the emerging concept of it. This paper first studies the component technologies of the L-V-C(Live Virtual Constructive)-based synthetic theater of war simulation system that enables the military training to be as similar as in the real combat field, and defines the various variables that can make effective use of the IEEE standard HLA/RTI. By doing that, this paper proposes an interoperable scheme that is suited to L-V, V-C, and L-C interoperation.

Chemical reactions have an intricate relationship with the search for better-quality neighborhood solutions to optimization problems. A catalytic reaction for chemical reactions provides a clue and a framework to solve complicated optimization problems. The application of a catalytic reaction reveals new information hidden in the optimization problem and provides a non-intuitive perspective. This paper proposes a new simulated catalytic reaction method for search in optimization problems. In the experiments using this method, significantly improved results are obtained in almost all graphs tested by applying to a graph bisection problem, which is a representative problem of combinatorial optimization problems.

No abstract

No abstract