With conservative treatment, the majority of patients with SISMAD showed clinical improvement and no morphologic changes during long-term follow-up. We thus recommend a conservative management strategy as the first-line treatment for patients with SISMAD, regardless of angiographic type.

In this study, we investigated hybrid bulk heterojunction organic solar cells containing ZnO nanoparticles blended with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and having poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-modulated PEDOT:PSS buffer layers. The reference cell, which had a P3HT:PCBM active layer sandwiched between ITO\PEDOT:PSS and LiF\Al electrodes, exhibited an efficiency of 1.55%. The ZnO nanoparticle-doped active layer (ITO\PEDOT:PSS(DMF) \ZnO:P3HT:PCBM\LiF\Al) exhibited a higher efficiency of 3.39% due to the modulated PEDOT:PSS buffer layer with low resistivity and the hybrid active layer containing ZnO nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate that the low resistivity of the PEDOT:PSS layer can improve the Jsc value of hybrid solar cells, and ZnO nanoparticles can enhance the Voc value of organic solar cells.

The clinical course of patients with SICAD was benign. Even progressive vascular changes during follow-up did not require invasive treatment. Antihypertensive therapy might not modify the clinical course. The short-term results of conservative management are encouraging, but further evaluation with long-term follow-up in a large population is needed.