The outbreak of the disease and infection in the hospital environment and medical equipment is one of the concerns of modern life. One of the effective ways for preventing and reducing the complications of infections is modification of the surface. Here, the handmade atmospheric plasma spray system is used for accumulating copper as an antibacterial agent on the 316L stainless steel substrate, which applies to hospital environment and medical equipment. As a durable coating with proper adhesion is needed on the substrate, the effect of stand-off distance (SOD) which is an important parameter of the spray on the microstructure, the hardness and adhesion of the copper coating on the 316L stainless steel were investigated. The structure and phase composition of copper depositions were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The adhesion and hardness of depositions are evidenced using the cross cut tester and Vickers hardness tester, respectively. The findings confirm that the voids in the coatings increase with increasing SOD, which leads to decreasing the hardness of coatings and also the adhesion strength between depositions and substrate. In addition, by increasing the SOD, the oxygen content and the size of grains in the lamellae (fine structure) of coatings also increase.

This study is a pre-study for the survey on the demand for commercialization of police technology, and aims to grasp the perception of the current technology of field police officers. Specifically, the current status, utilization, satisfaction, problem, improvement direction, and technology and equipment desired to be introduced by field police officers under the classification system for each technology target were analyzed. As for the analysis data, preliminary survey data of the demand survey for the 「2022 Police Technology Commercialization Project and FGI data of 15 on-site police officers were used. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the holding status was held by the affiliated functions/institution from at least 4.0% to a maximum of 55.2% by the middle classification of security science and technology. It was confirmed that the average score of utilization and satisfaction were higher than 5points in all middle categories (7point scale). However, in the case of introduction recognition, a relatively low number was reported, with a minimum of 3.2% to a maximum of 15.5% for each division. In this study, policy suggestions for the direction of commercialization of police technology were presented through these results and opinions of field police officers derived from FGI.

No abstract

We considered a quantum system of simple pendulum whose length of string is increasing at a steady rate. Since the string length is represented as a time function, this system is described by a time-dependent Hamiltonian. The invariant operator method is very useful in solving the quantum solutions of time-dependent Hamiltonian systems like this. The invariant operator of the system is represented in terms of the lowering operatorâ(t) and the raising operatorâ † (t). The Schrödinger solutions ψ n (θ ,t) whose spectrum is discrete are obtained by means of the invariant operator. The expectation value of the Hamiltonian in the ψ n (θ ,t) state is the same as the quantum energy. At first, we considered only θ 2 term in the Hamiltonian in order to evaluate the quantized energy. The numerical study for quantum energy correction is also made by considering the angle variable not only up to θ 4 term but also up to θ 6 term in the Hamiltonian, using the perturbation theory.

Materials and Methods: Seventy-five patients with one or more SN, as seen on lumbar spine MRI were studied. Using a 1. 5T MR unit, the number and location of SN, their site on the end plate, adjacent disc changes and lesions associated and not associated with SN, and accompanying associated bony spinal stenosis were retrospectively investigated .Results: Among the 75 patients, 230 SN were noted in 375 verte bral bodies; they were relatively frequently located on the second (65 , 28.3 %) and third (65 , 28.3 %) lumbar vertebrae. The most common end-plate site of SN was the posterior one-third portion(160; 69.6 %). In 450 discs of these 75 patients, 172 lesions were noted; those associated with SN (76 / 167, 45 .5 %) were more common than those not thus associated(96 /283, 33.9%)(p < 0.05), and those associated with SN were relatively frequently located on intervertebral disc L2-3 or L3-4(p < 0.05). Thirty-seven SN (16.1 %)were associated with bony spinal stenosis .Conclusion : Because it is frequently associated with disc lesions and bony spinal stenosis, SN of the lumbar spine may be a pathologic condition rather than a normal variant.Index words : Spine, abnormalities Spine, MR Spine, intervertebral disks Spine, stenosisAddress reprint requests to: Ky ung