Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb is known to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to reveal the effect of the water extract and 70% ethanol (70% EtOH) extract of Euonymus alaltus in INS-1 cells (pancreatic beta cell line) and C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice (type 2 diabetes models). The water extract significantly increased the proliferation of INS-1 cells. However, the extracts of Euonymus alatus water and 70% EtOH had no effect on increasing the insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. In the animal model of type 2 diabetes, the extracts of Euonymus alatus water and 70% EtOH decreased the water intake and effectively increased the pancreatic insulin concentration. Furthermore, exposure to the 70% EtOH extract resulted in decreasing the plasma triglycerides. These data indicate that the extracts of Euonymus alatus water and 70% EtOH exert a partial anti-diabetic effect.

Small metal complexes are highly interesting for bioimaging because of their excellent near-infrared (NIR) absorption properties. In this study, neutral complexes of platinum(II) connected to two monoreduced 1,3-diisopropylimidazoline-2,4,5-trithione ligands—namely, [Pt(iPr2timdt)2]—were investigated. Theoretical studies using the density functional theory (DFT) and GW-BSE approximation verified the effects of the geometry of the isopropyl moieties on the NIR absorption spectra. The calculated absorption spectra showed excellent correspondence with the experimental results. The geometry of the isopropyl groups considerably influenced the electronic structures of the metal complexes, which altered the absorption profiles of the respective geometries, as demonstrated in this research.

The reaction of 6‐chloro‐2‐(1‐methylhydrazino)quinoxaline 4‐oxide 5 with a 2‐fold molar amount of ethyl chloroglyoxalate gave ethyl 8‐chloro‐4‐methyl‐4H‐1,3,4‐oxadiazino[5,6‐b]quinoxaline‐2‐carboxylate 6, whose reaction with hydrazine hydrate afforded the C2‐hydrazinocarbonyl derivative 7. The reaction of compound 7 with nitrous acid provided the C2‐acylazide derivative 8, which was converted into the C2‐amino 9, C2‐carbamate 11a‐c, 12a,b, and C2‐ureido 13a‐c, 14 derivatives. The mass spectral fragmentation patterns were examined for compounds 10–14, wherein the molecular ion peak did not appear in the mass spectra of compounds 10c, 11a‐c, 12a,b, 13c, and 14.

Synthesis of 1,2-Diazepino [3,4-b]quinoxalines by 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction and Their Ring Transformation to Pyridazino[3,4b]quinoxalines.-Seven compounds of type (V) and (VI) are prepared and tested for their antibacterial activities against six strains of bacteria. All compounds show inhibitory effects.