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The on-line combination of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) with the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assay was investigated as a powerful method to determine the free radical scavenging activities of individual phenolics in natural products. The combination of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) separation according to polarity and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) separation according to hydrophobicity is shown to provide much higher resolving power than one-dimensional separations, which, combined with on-line ABTS detection, allows the detailed characterisation of antioxidants in complex samples. Careful optimisation of the ABTS reaction conditions was required to maintain the chromatographic separation in the antioxidant detection process. Both on-line and off-line HILIC × RP-LC-ABTS methods were developed, with the former offering higher throughput and the latter higher resolution. Even for the fast analyses used in the second dimension of on-line HILIC × RP-LC, good performance for the ABTS assay was obtained. The combination of LC × LC separation with an on-line radical scavenging assay increases the likelihood of identifying individual radical scavenging species compared to conventional LC-ABTS assays. The applicability of the approach was demonstrated for cocoa, red grape seed and green tea phenolics.

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In this work, a new sulfonated polystyrene based porous layer was synthesized on the wall of a capillary by a single step in situ polymerization process. To obtain a capillary suited for electrochromatography, vinylsulfonic acid (VSA) was, next to divinylbenzene (DVB),

This paper reports the optimization of the on-line coupling of 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid based radical scavenging assays with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The residence time in the reactor was reduced to 6.4 s to ensure minimal peak broadening and loss of separation. Peak capacity losses between compound detection and measurement of the radical scavenging potential were reduced to 10% and lower on coupled column systems. The methodology was successfully applied for the detection of the scavenging activity of molecules encompassing a broad hydrophobicity range. The method shows promise for the assessment of low-molecular-weight polyphenols in red wine by coupled-column high-resolution high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis.