Defects of the skin and soft tissue in the region of the lateral malleolus of the ankle and the Achilles tendon, resulting in exposed bone, tendons, or osteosynthetic material, cannot be covered with free skin transplants. Local or free flaps must be employed. The authors present the construction of a peroneus brevis muscle flap with a distal pedicle as a useful alternative. Between 1993 and 1999, distal pedicled peroneus brevis muscle flaps were used in 19 patients with various types of defects. During construction of the flap, both the long peroneal muscle and the peroneal artery remained intact. In the region of the distal third of the fibula, consistently arranged branches run from the artery into the muscle, and these form the distal pedicle. The proximal portion of the muscle can be transposed distally and easily extends to the tip of the fibula and the attachment of the Achilles tendon to the calcaneus. Primary healing occurred in 16 patients undergoing flap construction. Donor-site morbidity was mostly limited to the donor-site scar. The distally pedicled peroneus brevis muscle flap is a reliable means for covering defects in the lower leg. This form of muscle flap has not yet been described in the known literature. In the authors' opinion, this flap constitutes a logical and valuable extension of local flap procedures for plastic surgery in the distal leg region.

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A successful replantation of a totally avulsed scalp, including both eyebrows, with only one arterial and one venous anastomosis to the superficial temporal vessels is described. Apart from a small partial skin necrosis of the right eyebrow, the entire transplant survived. Subsequently, the patient required only minor additional skin grafting, correction of scars with a skin expander, and reconstruction of the eyebrow with hair micrografts. Replantation of the total scalp based on two or more vessels has previously been recommended and reported elsewhere. In the present case, complete survival of the scalp on only one artery and one vein was demonstrated, indicating that replantation should be considered even if available vessels for anastomosis are minimal.

de ve değerlendirilmesinde kişilik özellikleriyle (girdi), iş performansları (çıktı) arasındaki ilişkileri anlamak ve yorumlamak yönünde çalışmalar yapmaktadırlar. İş yaşamında var olan ve durumsal uyarıcı niteliği taşıyan sosyal düzeydeki, görev düzeyindeki ve örgüt düzeyindeki beklentiler, ilişkili oldukları belirli kişilik özellikleri üzerinde etki yaratırlar. Bu etkileşimin sonucunda çalışanlar belirli davranışlar gösterirler (Tett ve Burnet 2003, Yelboğa 2006). Dolayısıyla, iş yaşamının gerekleri olan stardart hale getirilmiş kalite sistemleri, mükemmellik modelleri, başarı ödüllendirmeleri