The solubility of uric acid kidney stones has been studied in water solutions containing ammonium ions, alkaline ions and alkaline earth metals. It was shown that the solubility of uric acid stones depends on the concentration of these cations. The shape of the dependence curve of uric acid stone solubility in solutions containing cations of ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium has an extreme character. It was shown that a maximal balanced solubility of stones occurs in solutions in which the concentrations and ratios of the cations concentrations are equal to their ‘normal’ value in the urine of healthy persons. The solubility dependence of stones on ammonium ions does not show any extreme and is well approximated with the exponent. Correlation analysis of the above-mentioned cations and also of total protein in urine was carried out in healthy people and patients with uric acid stones. The relationship was determined between the concentrations of cations and total protein in urine, and the formation of uric acid stones in human kidneys.

Using the materials of more than 200 scientific papers of recent years in this review it has been carried out analysis of the effectiveness and also discussed the merits and demerits of various methods of treatment of urinary stone diseases (USD). With this purpose, for the first time it has been carried out analysis of treatment quality of USD using more important quantitative parameters of treatment efficacy: 1--percentage of "stone free"; 2--percentage of recurrent stone formation. It has been emphasized on the higher effectiveness of treatment in combination of the method of ESWL with the methods of ascending litholysis. It was shown that in order to solve problems such as etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, elaboration of quantitative risk factors of the disease, and search for effective measures on pro- and metaphylaxis of USD, and also elaboration of various (including therapeutics) medium and methods for complete and rapid evacuation of stones, it is needed to carry out intensively fundamental and applied researches in the field of urinary stone diseases.