The article develops methods and methodology for experimental studies of centrifuged and vibro-centrifuged concrete products of annular cross-section. They assess the real variatropy of the structure and confirm the correctness of the accepted research. An original technique for experimental studies of the variatropy of the cross-sections of vibrated, centrifuged and vibro-centrifuged concretes is proposed to determine their integral (common) and differential (differing in layers) strength and strain characteristics and deformation diagrams. It has been proved that with vibro-centrifugation it becomes possible to obtain concretes with improved structure and higher characteristics compared with centrifugation and vibration techniques. Experimental studies of the differential characteristics of centrifuged and vibro-centrifuged concretes under compression and tension revealed that the outer layer of concrete had the best characteristics after centrifugation and vibro-centrifugation, and the inner layer had the worst ones. The three-layer model of the variatropic structure for centrifuged and vibro-centrifuged concrete has been experimentally confirmed. The concrete of the outer layers had the highest strength and modulus of elasticity and the least deformability; the concrete of the inner layers had the lowest strength and modulus of elasticity and the highest deformability; and the concrete of the middle layers had average characteristics. The deformation diagrams of centrifuged and vibro-centrifuged concretes were also differentiated by layers, confirming the variatropy of the structure of such concretes. The deformation diagrams for the outer concrete layer demonstrated the highest strength; the diagrams for the inner concrete layer showed the lowest strength; and the diagrams for the middle concrete layer corresponded to mean characteristics.

Alkalization technology and its application to obtain high-performance concrete compositions is an urgent scientific problem that opens opportunities for improving building structures. The article is devoted to the new technology of manufacturing reinforced concrete structures with low energy consumption, resource, and labor intensity based on the improved variatropic configuration of vibro-centrifuged concrete using activated water with high pH. The synergistic effect of the joint use of the proposed novel solutions has been theoretically and experimentally proved. Thus, growth in physical and mechanical characteristics of up to 15–20% was obtained, the structure and its operational ability were improved (the effectiveness of structural improvement, expressed as a percentage, reached values over 70%, concerning control samples). A positive effect on the properties of vibro-centrifuged concrete over the entire thickness of the annular section has been revealed. A method for controlling the integral characteristics of concrete has been obtained. The possibility of regulating the variatropic structure and controlling the differential characteristics of vibro-centrifuged concrete has been established. An assessment of the constructive quality and variatropic efficiency of vibro-centrifuged concrete was carried out, and new calculated dependencies were proposed, expressed in the form of relative coefficients.

Currently, there is a scientific and practical deficit in new methods of integrated technological and design solutions based on improving the properties of concrete as the primary material that perceives compressive loads, and its joint work with various types of reinforcing rods. A new system using an integrated engineering approach to the design of building structures is proposed, which involves minimizing their cost and weight through numerical simulations and an experimental verification of the operation of reinforcing bars made of various materials in concrete of various densities. The control of the bearing capacity of reinforced building structures on the example of compressed elements is proposed to be carried out using the developed recipe-technological methods at the manufacturing stage. The economic and environmental efficiency of nano modification with the help of production waste and the use of lightweight dispersion-reinforced concrete to obtain such structures was revealed. The most effective concrete formulations showed strength gains ranging from 10% to 34%. Ultimately, this led to an increase in the bearing capacity of the elements up to 30%. The application of such an integrated lean approach will allow saving up to 20% of resources during construction.

The growth in the volume of modern construction and the manufacture of reinforced concrete structures (RCSs) presents the goal of reducing the cost of building materials without compromising structures and opens questions about the use of environmentally friendly natural raw materials as a local or full replacement of traditional mineral components. This can also solve the actual problem of disposal of unclaimed agricultural waste, the features of which may be of interest to the construction industry. This research aimed to analyze the influence of preparation factors on concrete features with partial substitution of coarse aggregate (CA) with rubber tree (RT) seed shells and to determine the optimal composition that can make it possible to attain concrete with improved strength features. CA was replaced by volume with RT seed shells in an amount from 2% to 16% in 2% increments. Scanning electronic microscopy was employed to investigate the structure of the obtained concrete examples. The maximum increase in strength features was observed when replacing coarse filler with 4% RT seed shell by volume and amounted to, for compressive and axial compressive strength (CS) and tensile and axial tensile strength (TS) in twisting, 6% and 8%, respectively. The decrease in strain features under axial compression and under axial tension was 6% and 5%, respectively. The modulus of elasticity increased to 7%. The microstructure of hardened concrete samples with partial replacement of CA with RT seed shells in the amount of 2%, 4% and 6% was the densest with the least amount of pores and microcracks in comparison with the structure of the sample of the control composition, as well as samples with the replacement of CA with RT seed shells in an amount of more than 6%. The expedient effective replacement of CA with RT shells led to a reduction in battered stone of up to 8%.

One of the crucial problems in current construction is energy, resource, and material efficient technologies in both industrial and civil engineering, associated with new material manufacturing and building construction. This article is devoted to developing comprehensive technology for activation effects on concrete made by various production techniques: vibration, centrifugation, and vibro-centrifugation. The possibility of a significant improvement in the microstructure of concrete and obtaining materials with increased specified characteristics, depending on its manufacturing technology, were studied during the complex activation effect exposed to this concrete and its components. Chemical activation of water and mechanical activation of cement were considered. The urgency and prospects of double, complex mechanochemical activation of concrete mixture components were substantiated. It was proven that the complex mechanochemical activation of the concrete mixture components gives a synergistic effect in obtaining concrete composition with an improved structure and improved characteristics. Furthermore, the relationship between concrete production technology and the technology of activation of its components was established. It was revealed that the most effective is the complex mechanochemical activation of vibro-centrifuged concrete, which gives an increase in strength up to 30%. The study results indicate a further direction of development associated with an increase in variatropic characteristics using both prescription and technological factors.