The conducted analysis of the technical provision of machine-tractor fleet of Russian agricultural enterprises for the implementation of crop production technologies revealed a lack of technical support of agricultural production, which leads to a reduction in acreage or stretching of agricultural terms of technological operations. All this leads to a significant loss of agricultural products. The qualitative conditions of enterprises are described by four stable zones, which are directly dependent on the level of technical equipment of production: a zone of minimizing the scale of production, and in many cases the termination of the enterprise’s operation; zone of extended agrotechnical terms of technological operations; zone of optimal agrotechnical terms established by the requirements of technological maps; zone of strengthening the protective properties of the enterprise and increasing the reliability of its operation. The method of determining the need for agricultural machinery was developed, which showed that the best level of technical provision is a level that ensures reliable performance of all technological operations in the optimal agrotechnical terms, on the basis of which the boundary conditions of technical security are developed.

The paper presents the results of a field study of the effect of the evenness of seeding using a disk-cell seeding mechanism on the fresh yield and Scarlet amaranth grain of Kinelsky 254 variety. The problem of the amaranth evenness of seeding was solved by developing an experimental seeder of precision sowing for small-seeded crops. Field experiments were carried out on the fields of the Volga Research Institute of Selection and Seed Production named after P. N. Konstantinovin 2019-2021. To control the qualitative parameters of sowing, amaranth was sown with ballast (blind seeds) with a VS-4.2 vegetable seeder. The study revealed that the evenness of seed distribution in a row during sowing with an experimental seeder was 22%, for plants – 24.6%, control – 24.6 and 72.1%, respectively. The use of an experimental seeder made it possible to sow in accordance with agrotechnical requirements and create the best conditions for plant nutrition, which led to an increase in the fresh yield of Scarlet amaranthof Kinelsky 254 variety by 2.6 times, grain – by 1.6 times.

The paper presents the results of laboratory studies of a number of additives introduced during operation to motor oil of internal combustion engines. It also evaluates their impact on tribological characteristics of friction pairs. It was found that all studied additives have a positive effect on the running-in quality. Reduced wear of friction pairs, reduced surface roughness compared to base motor oil is determined. The best indicators were recorded with the FENOM additive. The decrease in wear was 46% and roughness – 23.5% compared to the base oil.

The article is devoted to improving the winter wheat seeding technology. Choosing the rational design of the opener group enables the placement of crop seeds in a deeper moisty soil layer for their rapid germination with the formation of a surface relief from furrows. Seeds are placed into furrows at the optimal depth 4-5 cm and furrow slices are formed by the soil thrown out of the furrow by chisel-shaped openers and compacted by individual rollers for each opener. That solves the problem of insufficient soil moisture in arid regions.