The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are a globally distributed group of soil organisms that play critical roles in ecosystem function. However, the ecological niches of individual AM fungal taxa are poorly understood.

Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services.However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. We found that the endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka, and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are predominantly vulnerable to drought, heat and land-cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests, and woodlands. We stress that more attention should be focused on the conservation of fungi, especially root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical regions as well as unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between the endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high conservation needs in both groups, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms.

An annotated list of the moss flora of Zeysky Nature Reserve is presented. It includes 310 species, with 140 species newly recorded for the reserve and 25 spe cies new for Amur Province, including two species, Hondaella caperata and Hyo phi la involuta from the Red Data Book of Russian Federation. Other interes ting re cords include recently described species (Amphidium asiaticum, Hedwigia kuzenevae, Sphagnum mirum), species on the western border of their distribution (Cryphaea amurensis, Dicranum pacificum, Hondaella caperata, Leucodon coreensis and Stereodon cal cicola), on the southern edge of its distribution (Psilopilum cavifolium) and rare spe cies with scattered localities in the southern Far East (Hyophila involuta, Seligeria don nia na). A comparison with other moss floras in Asian Russia of about the same area indicates that the moss flora of Zeisky Reserve is more similar to other floras of the Amur River basin and also to Transbaicalian floras, rather than to the floras of Primorsky Territory, as the latter is much more enriched by East Asian flora elements.

Fungi are highly important biotic components of terrestrial ecosystems, but we still have a very limited understanding about their diversity and distribution. This data article releases a global soil fungal dataset of the Global Soil Mycobiome consortium (GSMc) to boost further research in fungal diversity, biogeography and macroecology. The dataset comprises 722,682 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) derived from PacBio sequencing of full-length ITS and 18S-V9 variable regions from 3200 plots in 108 countries on all continents. The plots are supplied with geographical and edaphic metadata. The OTUs are taxonomically and functionally assigned to guilds and other functional groups. The entire dataset has been corrected by excluding chimeras, index-switch artefacts and potential contamination. The dataset is more inclusive in terms of geographical breadth and phylogenetic diversity of fungi than previously published data. The GSMc dataset is available over the PlutoF repository.

This publication is to announce the database of the Moss Flora of Russia at http://arctoa.ru/Flora/ basa.php. It also explains the strategy and approaches so as to be maximally useful for the publication of the Moss Flora of Russia, a six-volume print edition that was started in 2017. The database currently contains over 128 000 records; it is shown to be reasonably complete for illustrating the species distribution within the expanded territory of the country. A number of scripts allow instant comparison of various territories, highlighting hotspots and underexplored areas. Problems of data control and presentation are discussed. Резюме В данной статье анонсируется база данных по флоре мхов России, размещенная по адресу http://arctoa.ru/Flora/basa.php. В ней также представлены стратегия и подходы к максимально полному ее использованию для подготовки публикации шеститомного печатного издания "Флора мхов России", которое стартовало в 2017 г. В настоящее время в базе представлено более 128 000 образцов; показано, что уже сейчас распространение видов на территории страны отражается адекватно. Наличие нескольких скриптов позволяет быстро проводить сравнение флор разных территорий, которое выявляет наиболее флористически богатые регионы и "белые пятна" в исследовании флор. Обсуждаются проблемы контроля за внесением информации и ее представ-лением.