Environment chemical pollution can be persistent, and even virtually irremovable. For some chemicals in the workplace environment reliably safe low exposure levels are technically unattainable or presumably nonexistent. As a supplement to decreasing harmful exposures to as low levels as possible, the "biological prophylaxis" aims at enhancing host's protective mechanisms. During over 30 years in animal experiments modeling isolated or combined chronic or subchronic exposures to silica, asbestos, monazite, lead, chromium, arsenic, manganese, nickel, vanadium, nanosilver, nanocopper, formaldehyde, phenol, naphthalene, benzo(a)pyrene we tested so-called "bioprophylatic complexes" (BPCs) comprising innocuous substances with theoretically expected beneficial influence on the toxicokinetics and/or toxicodynamics of those toxics. The BPCs proved protectively effective in animal experiments were then subjected to controlled field trials on restricted groups of volunteers. Once the effectiveness and safety of a BPC was established, it was recommended for practical use, first of all, in the most vulnerable population groups (children, pregnant women) and in the most harmful occupations. At each stage of this work the effectiveness of the bioprophylactic approach to chemical risks management was successfully demonstrated. The BPCs tested up to now proved capable of mitigating systemic toxicity, cytotoxicity, fibrogenicity, and mutagenicity of the above-listed chemicals. B. A. Katsnelson et al.

The paper presents approaches to the implementation the basic paradigm of the development for the legislative and regulatory framework to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population based on the comprehensive implementation of the methodology of the health risk assessment and management. The consistent implementation of the legislative and regulatory framework should provide getting answers main questions: what, where, when, how we are to assess and above all how we have to manage and control health risks. The suggested approach involves the accumulation capacities and resources of all the stakeholders: State-Russian Federation constituent-municipality-economic entity-non-governmental organizations-population in the assessment, management and control health risks both for the public in general and for certain socio-economic groups. This integrated system is aimed at the decline of public health risks to levels that cannot be detected using current knowledge and methods. The described requirements for incorporation of health risk assessment, management and monitoring methods into the health, consumer rights and labor legislation framework and other areas of legislative regulation must be applicable for corporate entities’ and sole entrepreneurs’ various business activities that affect (pose a threat, create a risk, cause harm) public health as well as regulation of the social and economic development of the nation in general.

The development of Russian legislation aimed at providing safety based on the risk assessment and management methods and technologies is a key paradigm in regulating relations in the field for the next few years and in the longer term. The importance of applying these technologies and methods to the field of maintaining sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population is due to the hazards related to residential environment (exposure to chemical, biological, physical, psychophysiological factors), occupation, consumption of goods and services, lifestyle (imbalanced diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, low physical activity), social and other environmental factors that account for adverse health effects. Therefore it is necessary to revise the regulatory and methodological framework for the health legislation including the definitions for the fundamental health risk concepts based on identifying the acceptable risk limits as well as the concepts of safe and non-hazardous conditions and favorable conditions of human vital activity closely related to them. The suggested approach will make it possible to apply risk management technologies and methods more effectively in legislative regulation in the field of sanitary and epidemiological welfare, which in the short term will provide the capacities required to reach the strategic objective of Russia’s policy to provide safety, i.e. higher life expectancy and quality of life of Russian citizens.

In the Sverdlovsk Region, the concept of information support of decision making in health risk management for the population is based on the development of the system of socio-hygienic monitoring created in 1991. At the current stage, elaboration of the system is aimed at adequate management of risks and threats to population health and information support of the risk-focused model of supervisory activities in the sphere of security of sanitary and epidemiologic public welfare. The article presents results of socio-hygienic monitoring and recommendations for its improvement at the level of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. We also formulate tasks to be fulfilled in the support of the development of the system of socio-hygienic monitoring.

Abstract. The use of typological factor, correlation and regression analysis has identified a statistically significant relationship between the death rate in working-age population in Sverdlovsk Region and socioeconomic indicators (housing improvements, quality of health services, social strain, and level of demographic load), and their incremental growth adjusted for time shifts. We determined an impact of purchasing power on the death rate of working-age population. We conducted an assessment of the economic losses for public health resulting from premature death of working-age people possibly associated with the impact of socioeconomic factors. We identified priority areas of future activities aimed at making management decisions by the executive bodies and governments at the local level in the Russian Federation as well as Rospotrebnadzor agencies and entities providing sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population.