, Государственная организация высшего профессионального образования «Донецкий национальный университет экономики и торговли им. М. Туган-Барановского», г. Донецк, Украина Рынок зерна является важным элементом общего рынка Российской Федерации. Его развитие влияет не только на характер воспроизводственного процесса национальной экономики, но и на изменения макроэкономических показателей. Зернорынок зависит от климатических условий региона и страны в целом. Так как он является стратегически важным сегментом экономики, то от его урожайности зависит политический климат в государстве. Целью работы является анализ мирового рынка зерна, а также изучение роли Российской Федерации на нем. В ходе исследования были использованы методы эмпирического исследования. В частности, было проведено сравнение основных показателей мирового зернового рынка и место Российской Федерации на нем. Благодаря использованию методов теоретического исследования, в частности анализа и синтеза, были выявлены и охарактеризованы основные черты зернового рынка. Также были выявлены основные факторы, влияющие на развитие мирового рынка зерна. В частности, качество зерна играет важную роль, так как низкое качество зерновой продукции снижает конкурентоспособность страны на мировом рынке. По результатам исследования, можно сделать вывод что за последние 3 года, несмотря на кризисные тенденции, Российская Федерация укрепила свои позиции и заняла ведущую позицию в производстве, экспорте зерновых культур. За последние 10 лет динамика изменения объемов производства зерна в мире и в России полностью совпадает. Таким образом, разнообразие природных условий в России нивелирует воздействие локальных факторов, влияющих на урожайность. Основные факторы и закономерности, определяющие урожайность в мире, будут действовать и для Российской Федерации.

Статья посвящена исследованию международных нормативно-правовых документов по регулированию кондитерского рынка; изучена документация на уровне отдельных стран и регионов (ЕС, США, РФ); предложены направления деятельности неправительственных организаций по развитию отечественной кондитерской отрасли.

The article reveals the main stages of experimental work using the digital method of collecting, processing and analyzing information obtained during the educational process with students. Updating the forms, methods and means of interaction of subjects in the designed educational environment; development of a system of activities implemented in the process of educational and extracurricular activities of the institute of curation in order to adapt students to the educational environment of professional training; development of a mechanism for involving future specialists in conscious professional and personal development; implementation of a comprehensive program for designing an individual educational route; pedagogical support of students' entry into professional pedagogical activity by means of practice-oriented methods and technologies of coaching; formation of readiness to perform the functions of the designer of the educational environment, which have been tested according to the proposed digital experimental method, are effective and can be used in the practice of a pedagogical institution of higher education.

Research has shown that it is impossible to effectively address the serious threats facing a small number of the most vulnerable refugees in Ukraine. It has been stated that the asylum system in Ukraine still needs significant improvements. The situation does not offer sufficient protection against expulsion and does not provide asylum seekers with the opportunity to consider their applications within a sufficiently effective and fair process. It is substantiated that the Law of Ukraine «On Refugees and Persons in Need of Additional or Temporary Protection» of July 8, 2011 № 3671-VI defines the procedure for regulating public relations in the field of recognition of a person as a refugee, a person in need of additional or temporary protection, loss and deprivation status, as well as establishing the legal status of refugees and persons in need of additional protection and who have been granted temporary protection in Ukraine. It has been proven that Ukraine cannot be considered a safe third country on the grounds of the Law of Ukraine «On Refugees and Persons in Need of Additional or Temporary Protection», and the asylum system in Ukraine still needs significant improvements despite significant progress. It is determined that in Ukraine the receipt of assistance and services by foreigners directly depends on their migration status. The issue of direct political refugees is considered. There is no definition of the category of political refugees in the national legislation. It is proved that it can be done on the basis of general norms of domestic legislation. It is substantiated that the main form of providing protection to foreign citizens in Ukraine is their recognition as either refugees or persons in need of additional protection. At the same time, circumstances that deprive a person of the right to obtain refugee status may, in particular, be punishable by criminal penalties and economic or social reasons. It is proved that there are a number of urgent problems that need to be solved until Ukraine significantly changes its legislation and the practice of detaining asylum seekers and migrants, for example: employment; reforming the migration service of Ukraine; Ukraine's inability to provide full-fledged asylum to migrants; the problem of involuntary return (expulsion or deportation) of asylum seekers to the countries of their origin; unmotivated arbitrary non-admission of foreigners to the territory of Ukraine by the bodies of the State Border Guard Service; the problem of unregulated migration of foreigners to Ukraine and through Ukraine; lack of language skills and ignorance of the legislation of Ukraine; lack of equipped premises for resettlement of asylum seekers who are in the procedure; recognition of persons who are in institutions of temporary detention and others.

The article focuses on the mechanism of compensation to the victim for the damage caused by a criminal offense and the positive obligations of the state to guarantee to everyone under its jurisdiction the effective use of property rights and its restoration in case of violation. Attention is drawn to the long-term absence in the national legislation of Ukraine of a mechanism of compensation at the expense of the State Budget of Ukraine for damage caused to the victim as a result of a criminal offense. The article analyzes the impact of the conclusions made by the European Court of Human Rights on the jurisprudence of domestic courts of Ukraine with regard to the inadmissibility of the applicant's complaint set out in the Court's judgment in «Petliovannny vs. Ukraine». On the other hand, there have been included examples of application of the rule of law and recognition by courts of violations of the guarantees, enshrined in Part 1 of the First Protocol to the Convention, due to the long-term lack in the national legislation of the procedure of compensation provided from the State Budget of Ukraine for unlawful destruction of property. The article analyzes and compares the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and national courts regarding the interpretation of similar legal relations guaranteed by Article 1 of the First Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of every natural or legal person’s right to peaceful enjoyment of their possessions. Attention is drawn to the need to create and apply a mechanism to provide the victim with compensation for the damage caused by a criminal offense. It is proposed to continue research in this area in comparison with other areas of application of Article 1 of the First Protocol in order to facilitate amendments to national legislation aimed at unconditional observance of human rights provided by Article 41 of the Constitution of Ukraine on inviolability of property rights.