Abstract. The main methodological problems of the organization and implementation of the process of financial security management within the functioning of economic systems of different levels are identified. To meet the methodological needs of financial security management under financial security itself, it is proposed to understand the state of protection of financial interests in various sectors and functional areas of financial activities of the economic system and its main participants from external and internal threats, which ensures the effectiveness of economic relations, related to the implementation of financial guidelines for the development of economic, socio-economic, economic systems. It is established that the classical approach to the structure of the financial security subsystem in the system of economic security at any level of management positions it as a set of factors, the state of which determines the financial capacity of the entity or system to counteract economic risks and threats and their negative financial impact on the system respectively. The elements of financial security at the micro and macro levels are systematized according to such parameters as the financial security system, security entities, information principles, personnel component, management mechanism, resources, tools, instruments. A 16-component model of financial security management is proposed, which provides for the possibility of building a management system on four fundamental parameters: organizational culture, progressive and sustainable development, continuous optimization of the management process and ensuring its systemic nature. The proposed formulas for calculating the level of financial security of the state and the level of financial security of the entity based on the author’s approach to segmenting their system for diagnostic purposes allow to obtain a rapid assessment of the financial security of the economic system, of course. Conceptual bases of the system approach to management of financial security of economic system taking into account object of management, subjects of management, the management mechanism, system of maintenance of process of management, principles of management and an estimation of level of safety are presented. Keywords: financial security, financial security management, risk, threat, economic security, economic system. JEL Classification G21, F29, L41. Formulas: 3; fig.: 3; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 10.

Oak lace bug (OLB) Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) is native to North America. In 2000 it got to Italy and has spread for recent 20 years in many countries in Europe. In 2017 OLB first registered in Kherson region of Ukraine. The aim of the research was to summarize the first data on oak lace bug spread in Ukraine. The studies were carried out in 2020 at 31 sample plots in the south-western part of the Kherson region (46°10 ' to 47°21' N, 32°10' to 33°05' E). The sample plots were located in forest stands, shelterbelts, and oaks in cities. The age of inspected stands is from 25 to 250 years old. The presence of oak lace bug and the threat to oak trees was assessed by a point system: 0 – OLB is absent; 1 – single, one egg mass per whole plot; 2 – rare, below 10% of trees damaged; 3 – common, OLB presents not in all trees, foliage damage up to 50%; 4 – widespread, OLB presents in all trees, foliage damage up to 100%. The weighted average score of OLB presence was evaluated for different groups of stands and some of their characteristics. The specimens of OLB and the traces of their vital activity were found at 19 sample plots (61,3%). At 51.6% of sample plots examined the OLB was common or widespread. The pest is widespread at 8 sample plots, including oaks in cities Kherson, Oleshki, and Hola Prystan, Doslidne forestry of the Steppe branch of Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry & Forest Melioration named after G.M. Vysotsky (URIFFM) and Burkutske forestry of the Velikokopanske Forest & Hunting Enterprise. Mean OLB score is higher in forests than in shelterbelts and has a trend to increase with oak age. The highest OLB infestation was assessed in the sample plots neighbouring city streets and forest roads and in the sample plots near the waterway. The proportion of SP with common and widespread OLB from all inhabited plots near city streets, forest roads, and waterways exceeds 80%. The data obtained can be considered preliminary, since the reproduction, distribution, and settlement of the oak lace bug in the territory of the Kherson region began only 2 years ago.

Climate change is inevitably altering the hydrological regime of water bodies. The interest in changing behaviour of intermittent rivers is increasing in many countries. This research was focused on intermittent rivers (rivers which naturally, periodically cease to flow) in Lithuania. The purpose of this research was to provide an overview of flow intermittency phenomena according to available data in a historical period and to evaluate the impact of catchment geographical features and climate variability on zero‐flow events. The calculated indices of flow intermittency showed that the selected rivers had very different flow regimes. The threshold for the separation of typically intermittent rivers from only occasionally intermittent ones was suggested. Multiple linear regression analysis defined the crucial role of catchment size and watercourse slope on the river cessation process in Lithuania. The applied non‐parametric Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test revealed the significance of the relationship between precipitation (in June–September) and zero‐flow duration. Flow intermittency phenomena in Lithuanian rivers were linked to a low‐frequency teleconnection pattern (SCAND index). A methodology of estimating the relation between river intermittency and large‐scale atmospheric circulation pattern (based on SCAND index) was created. The generated regression equations between flow intermittency indices and catchment characteristics might be useful for the estimation of zero‐flows in ungauged river catchments. The main aspect of future investigations might be related to forecasting flow intermittency using modern hydrological models and climate scenarios as well as the defined relationships between zero‐flow indices and physico‐geographical features of river catchments.

The problem of droughts is acute due to climate change. The study aims to assess the temporal and spatial drought patterns in Lithuanian lowland rivers in the past and to project these phenomena according to climate scenarios and models. Drought analysis was based on Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI). To evaluate the past patterns, the hydrometeorological data of 17 rivers were used from 1961–2020. Future drought changes were analyzed in 2021–2100 according to the selected RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) using the hydrological model HBV. There were different patterns of droughts in three hydrological regions of Lithuania (Western, Central and Southeastern). The Southeastern region was more prone to extreme summer hydrological droughts, and they had a shorter accumulation period compared to the other two regions. SPI and RDI indices showed that the number of dry months and the minimum value of the index increased, extending the accumulation period. The highest correlation was recorded between RDI-12/SPI-12 and SDI-12. The amplitude between extremely wet and dry values of river runoff will increase according to RCP8.5. The projections indicated that hydrological drought intensity in the Central region is expected to increase under both analyzed RCPs.

The scientific views of domestic researchers regarding the definition of financial and economic security using the basics of the systematic approach are generalized. The author's vision on the definition of financial and economic security system is proposed. The main shortcomings of existing approaches to the process of formation of financial and economic security system as an object of management are revealed and systematized. The main defects and miscalculations in security management both – at the micro and macro levels are identified. The 16-component model of management of financial and economic security (PROM) was proposed. The conceptual foundations of security oriented strategic management are specified. Three strategies offered for achieving economic and financial security: Strategy for achieving financial and economic security on the basis of branding, image and reputation (BIR strategy), Strategy for achieving financial and economic security through partnerships with stakeholders and ensuring their interests (Strategy of PIS), Strategy for achieving the state of financial and economic security through the interconnection of experts, control and standardization (Strategy of ECS).