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This study presents the modeling of a parabolic trough solar collector. The main objective is to show the influences of the parabolic trough sensor effective efficiency (concentrator optical efficiencies of transmission, reflection, geometrical and the receiver absorption coefficient), of its length, of the mass flow rate on temperatures distributions of the heat fluid and the receiver and on thermal global efficiency (solar conversion efficiency into energy usable). The atmospheric parameters are those of Senegal in April. A prototype existing in the CERER (Center of Studies and Research on Renewable Energies) (Dakar-Senegal) is given as example of application.