The authors of the article presented a visual technique for programming the yield of potato tubers by using mathematical models of the relationship with the chemical composition of the soil. The content of N-NO3 and P2O5 varied in the range of 14.7-35.0 mg/kg and 37.1-39.0 mg/kg of soil. The increase in the content of these nutrients was accompanied by an increase in the productivity of potato tubers from 1 ha. The results of the study showed that the yield value is closely related to the content of N-NO3 and P2O5 in the soil in the initial phase of crop growth. The verification of the calculation methods showed a forecast error by comparing the actual yield data with the predicted results. The established quantitative indicators with the help of mathematical communication models make it possible to diagnose the value of potato yield and normalize the effect of fertilizers.

A key way of assessing plants' requirements for fertilizers is field experience. It allows you to establish the effectiveness of the fertilizers used in a particular crop, to identify the relationships between the chemical compositions of the soil, plants, crops and to develop a comprehensive method for optimizing the mineral nutrition of plants. On chestnut soils, the effect of doses of nitrogen fertilizers for potatoes in the ratios 1-3:1:1 (N 45 -135 Р 45 К 45 ) was studied. Reliably obtained high increases from nitrogen at a dose of 90 kg A.I./ha concerning the control -4.5 t/ha (14.9%) and to the background 3.1 t / ha (9.8%) . In all cases, the payback ranged from 0.156 to 0.25 c in the control and 0.2-0.4 c in the background (P 1 K 1 ). The studies were carried out to diagnose the need for batteries on typical chestnut soils in the conditions of the Pavlodar region of Northern Kazakhstan. Below is a summary of the assessment of various dosages of nitrogen fertilizers for potatoes on the background of phosphorus-potassium nutrition.

The authors carried out long-term research on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the “Gala” potato variety in the Pavlodar region. The relationship was established between the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium chemical composition of the potato plant in certain phases of growth and development. Various chemical and biochemical processes occur in soil and plants every second. The productivity of plants (y) depends on how the processes take place and proceed, since it is a function of the chemical composition (x) of the leaves: y = f x. The theoretical foundations of plant diagnostics are based on the role of nutrients in the formation of the crop, starting from the early stages of development. According to Yu. I. Ermokhin, the theory of this research provides information on the needs of plants, and in practice these needs must be satisfied. The authors carried out field experiments with fertilizers to obtain the sought-for connections from the low to the optimal content between the ratio of nutrients in the potato plant, which is confirmed by high correlation coefficients (r = 0.79-0.97). If the nitrogen content is higher than the optimal 4.64% in the 7-leaf phase and 4.16% in the flowering phase, then the nature of the ovary takes on a different meaning and the equation is described in a quadratic parabola form. Keywords: potato, harvest, nutrition, fertilizers, plant growth