Paeonia anomala L. is a valuable medicinal plant in the world. The aim of this study was the study of composition of the plant P. anomala and its antioxidant, antiradical and cytotoxic activities. The underground part of P. anomala was extracted with ethanol and the composition was determined using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (Agilent 7890A/5975C). Methyl salicylate (32.07 %), sucrose (11.23 %), benzoic acid (9.12 %), cyclopropyl carbine (7.7 %), 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (4.77 %), benzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-, methyl ester (4.48 %), are the main components. The ethyl acetate extract of the underground part (root) of P. anomala at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml has a low content, and at concentrations of 0.75 and 1 mg/ml, an average antioxidant activity compared to the antioxidant activity of ascorbic and gallic acids. The ethanol extract of the underground part of P. anomala at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml has an average, and at concentrations of 0.75 and 1 mg/ml the highest antioxidant activity compared to the antioxidant activity comparators. Also, the ethanol extract of the underground part P. anomala has the highest antiradical activity in all concentrations compared to the antiradical activity of gallic acid. Ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the underground part of P. anomala in all concentrations do not show cytotoxicity.
The article presents the results of the study of morphometric parameters and weight indicators of seeds of 18 species of rare and endemic plants listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan: Adonis vernalis, A. volgensis, Astragalus glycyphyllos, Crataegus ambigua, Drosera rotundifolia, Fraxinus sogdiana, Lilium martagon, Malacocarpus crithmifolius, Incarvillea semiretschenskia, Paeonia anomala, P. intermedia, Rhodiola rosea, Leuzea carthamoides, Tulipa kolpakowskiana, T. patens, T. suaveolens, T. urumiensis, including 6 subendemic species (Crataegus ambigua, Fraxinus sogdiana, Malacocarpus crithmifolius, Tulipa kolpakowskiana, T. suaveolens, T. urumiensis) and one narrow-localised endemic (Incarvillea semiretschenskia). The characteristics of the shape, texture of the seed peel and the color of the seeds of the studied samples are similar to those studied earlier. Significant differences were found in the size and weight of 1000 seeds from previously published data, which, in our opinion, reflect the variability of traits that should be considered when identifying species.
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