Pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a serious environmental problem for almost all countries of the world. The toxic and mutagenic activity of samples of natural water and water extracts of soils collected near the storage sites of old and prohibited pesticides located in the villages of Kyzylkairat, Amangeldy, Beskainar, Belbulak, Enbekshi. Territories of comparison Basshi village (Altyn Emel National Park) and near farmland, where pesticides were used in the past (Taukaraturk village, Almaty region) was investigated. Allium cepa L. was used as a biological test system. The mitotic activity and the frequency of disturbances at different stages of mitosis in onion root meristem were evaluated. Chemical analysis showed that in all soil samples the total content of 24 POPsPesticides exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). It was established that the level of mitotic activity of Allium cepa cells in all samples was slightly reduced compared with the control. In soil samples, the frequency of micronuclei in interphase cells (0.22-3.25%) is higher than in water samples (0.36-0.99%) (control 0.41%). The revealed increased level of cytogenetic disorders correlates with the total content of organochlorine pesticides.

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In the course of carrying out a comprehensive assessment of the state of the environment and health of the population of the city of Kentau and adjacent territories, a study of the mutagenic activity of drinking water and soil samples taken in the territory of Kentau and adjacent settlements, the background territory and the comparison territory was carried out. In the course of the study, it was revealed that individual samples of drinking water and water extracts of soils cause a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in the cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and in the Allium-test. Analysis of the total mutagenic activity of the samples under study indicates the absence of a fundamentally contaminated and/or clean territory in the studied region, which indicates their general contamination with a tendency to increase contamination in some places.