Bu çalışmanın temel amacı enflasyon ve işsizlik oranı toplamını ifade eden iktisadi hoşnutsuzluk endeksi ve ekonomik büyümenin sigortacılık sektörü üzerindeki etkisini Türkiye örneklemi üzerinden araştırmaktır. 1992-2020 dönemine ilişkin yıllık veriler kullanarak uygulanan doğrusal ARDL yönteminden elde edilen sonuçlara göre: i) iktisadi hoşnutsuzluk endeksi, ekonomik büyüme ve sigortacılık sektörünün eş bütünleşik olduğu yani doğrusal birleşimlerinin denge noktasına yakınsandığı ii) uzun dönemde, ekonomi %1 büyüdüğünde sigortacılık sektörünün de yaklaşık %0,15 genişleyeceği; iktisadi hoşnutsuzluk endeksinde meydana gelecek %1"lik bir artışın ise sigortacılık sektörünü %0,02 azaltacağı iii) kısa dönemde elde edilen katsayıların uzun dönemdekilerle paralel olmakla birlikte uzun dönemdekinden daha zayıf olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Nedensellik test sonuçlarına göre: iv) iktisadi hoşnutsuzluk endeksinden sigortacılık sektörüne doğru; büyümeden hem sigortacılık sektörüne doğru hem de iktisadi hoşnutsuzluk endeksine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkileri tespit edilmiştir.

Private consumption expenditures, which constitute more than half of the real gross domestic product, are significant for the macroeconomy. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of plastic card expenditures, gross domestic product, This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

In recent years, the comparison of the European Union and Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Turkey has come to the fore. It has been discussed whether the organizations can be alternatives to each other, especially for Turkey. In this study, using the panel gravity model approach, Turkey's foreign trade volume with both organizations has been tested to determine whether they can be alternatives to each other. The analysis made covers the 2003-2019 periods. The dependent variable is the foreign trade volume consisting of the sum of Turkey's exports and imports with both organizations. The independent variables are the gross domestic product values representing the economic size of the countries and the "distance variable" representing the distances of the countries from each other. Additionally, a dummy variable is added to the model to represent the economic crisis in Turkey in 2008. According to the analysis results, the economic size of the countries affects foreign trade positively. In contrast, distance and financial crisis dummy variables affect foreign trade negatively. In addition, it has been determined that the increase in the incomes of the European Union countries has a more significant effect on Turkey's total foreign trade volume. As a result, Shanghai Cooperation Organization cannot be an alternative to the European Union for Turkey.

The relationship between public expenditures and economic growth is a constantly debated topic among researchers. There are five main models used to test Wagner's Law. This study aims to test Wagner's Law for Turkiye's public expenditure and expenditure types within the scope of economic classification by using all models in the literature. We tested the validity of Wagner's Law in the Turkiye case using the ARDL method applied for the years 1950-2020. Study findings prove that Wagner's Law is valid in Turkiye using the Mann and Peacock models for public expenditure. In addition, the findings support Wagner's Law only in transfer expenditures among sub-components. These findings point out that public expenditure, which increases more than gross domestic product, is dominated by transfer expenditures. The fact that social transfers account for approximately 75% of transfer expenditures in the last decade demonstrates that Turkiye prioritizes the social state function.

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