The calcaneal angles show considerable variations in diverse ethnic groups and populations in terms of normal range, age, gender, and side. The ranges herein reported (20-46 degrees for BA, 100-133 degrees for GA) can be used as reference values for the Turkish population.

IV.

The aim of this study was to investigate the radiological and functional results of anatomical reduction and stable fixation followed by an early rehabilitation programme in the treatment of fractures of the base of the thumb metacarpal. Sixteen consecutive patients (11 men and five women; mean age: 36.4 years) with intra-articular fractures of the thumb metacarpal base were treated with plate and/or screw fixation between April 2002 and March 2011 at our department. Patients were followed-up for an average period of 15.62 months. Bony healing was achieved in all cases and all patients were able to return to pre-trauma activity levels 12 weeks following surgery. Open reduction with stable internal fixation and an early active rehabilitation programme appears to be an efficient method in the treatment of trapeziometacarpal joint fractures with satisfactory functional and radiological results.

Background:Results of open and endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery were compared with many studies done previously. To the best of our knowledge, difference in pain after endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) and open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) has not been objectively documented in literature. The aim of the study was to compare the pain intensity in the early postoperative period in patients undergoing OCTR versus those undergoing ECTR.Materials and Methods:Fifty patients diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome were randomized into two groups using “random number generator” software (Research Randomizer, version 3.0); endoscopic surgery group [(21 female, 1 male; mean age 49 years (range 31–64 years)] and open surgery group [(25 female, 3 male; mean age 45.1 years (range 29–68 years)] and received carpal tunnel release. Surgery was performed under regional intravenous anesthesia. The patients’ pain level was assessed at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 24th postoperative hours using a visual analog scale (VAS) score.Results:Mean age, gender and duration of symptoms were found similar for both groups. Boston functional scores were improved for both groups (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Pain assessment at the postoperative 1st, 2nd, 4th and 24th hours revealed significantly low VAS scores in the endoscopic surgery group (P = 0.003, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Need for analgesic medication was significantly lower in the endoscopic surgery group (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery is an effective treatment method in carpal tunnel release vis-a-vis postoperative pain relief.

To evaluate the results of the bone transport over an intramedullary nail (BTON) technique for the treatment of segmental bone defects.Design: Retrospective review of case series. Setting: Level 1 trauma center. Patients/Participants: We included 40 patients who underwent reconstruction of the lower limb with BTON technique between 2000 and 2018. The technique was performed in the tibial segments in 21 patients and in the femoral segments in 19 patients. Intervention: The surgical technique was performed in two stages for patients with infected nonunion. Infection was eradicated in all patients at the first stage. For the BTON at the second stage, monolateral external fixators and circular external fixators were used for femoral and tibial defects, respectively. In cases of defects without any infection, debridement with a single-stage BTON was performed. Main Outcome Measurements: Complications as well as radiological and clinical results were evaluated according to the criteria of Paley-Maar. Results: Minor complications occurred in 11 patients: pin site problems (nine), cellulitis (one), skin detachment due to Schanz screw (one). Major complications occurred in eight patients: docking site nonunion (four), early consolidation and Schanz screw failure (one), knee flexion contracture (one), ankle equinus contracture (two). Four patients had osteomyelitis as residual A C C E P T E D Copyright Ó 20 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. 20 4 sequelae. Bone score was excellent in 27 patients. Excellent functional results were obtained in 31 patients. Conclusions:The BTON technique is associated with low cost because of the short treatment period, low complication risk, and rapid rehabilitation and is not limited by the amount of bone transport.