We report on a 13-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who exhibited symptoms of severe migraine and familial moyamoya disease. Cerebral magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed stenosis and occlusion of the bilateral internal carotid arteries associated with the development of collateral circulation (moyamoya vessels). In a child, as in this case, headaches with cerebral infarction associated with moyamoya disease are unusual. Few cases of SLE associated with familial moyamoya disease have been reported, with no previous reports of such cases from Korea. There were no evidences of antiphospholipid syndrome, and activity of SLE or other risk factors for cerebral occlusion were also absent.

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is characterized by clubbing of the digital tips and periosteal reaction of long bones. Most of the cases are associated with malignancy or other conditions such as congenital heart disease, liver cirrhosis, pulmonary fibrosis, biliary atresia, and gastrointestinal polyps. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy associated with malignancy is rare in children. A few cases of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in children with nasopharyngeal carcinoma have been reported, however, there has been no report of such case in Korea. We present a case of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with lung metastasis in a 14-yr-old boy. In this case, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy regressed after intensive chemotherapy, but subsequently the patient died of progressive lung metastasis.

To determine the hepatic and vascular enhancement profiles with nonionic dimeric, iodixanol, contrast agent in the rabbit and to compare them with nonionic monomeric, ioversol, contrast agent. Materials and Methods: Seven rabbits initially underwent hepatic dynamic CT scan with either iodixanol or ioversol, followed by repeated CT scan with other unused contrast agent with one week interval between scans. Pre and post contrast attenuation values of hepatic parenchyma, aorta and portal vein were measured sequentially. The mean enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma, aorta and portal vein were compared between two agents. The mean peak enhancement and peak enhancement time of the liver, aorta, and portal vein were also compared. Results: The attenuation values of ioversol showed a greater mean hepatic enhancement than iodixanol from 18 seconds to 39 seconds after injection (from late arterial phase to early portal venous phase) with a statistical significance (p<0.05). The mean peak enhancement of hepatic parenchyma, aorta and portal vein was also greater using ioversol than iodixanol, but the mean peak enhancement times of ioversol and iodixanol were nearly identical. Conclusion: Ioversol may have the greater effects than iodixanol on hepatic tumor conspicuity, especially from late arterial phase to early portal veneous phase.