No abstract

PurposeCitizen trust in police is important in terms of citizen consent to government policies and of police achieving their organizational goals. In the previous study, improvements in police policy, organizational operation and policing activities were developed to clarify which factors influence trust in police and how trust can be improved. This research raises the question, would changes in trust in police have an impact on trust in government? In this paper, this research question is discussed theoretically and the causal relationship analyzed empirically by applying OLS, ordered logistic, 2SLS and logistic regressions.Design/methodology/approachThe basic analysis methods are to apply the OLS and the ordered logistic regression. OLS regression analysis is an analytical method that minimizes an error range of a regression line. The assumptions for OLS are: linearity, independence, equilibrium, extrapolation and multicollinearity issues. These problems were statistically verified and analyzed, in order to confirm the robustness of the analysis results by comparing the results of the ordered logistic regression because of the sequence characteristic of the dependent variable. The data to be used in this study is the Asia Barometer Survey in 2013.FindingsTrust in police and citizen perception of safety are analyzed as important factors to increase trust in the government. The effects of trust in police are more significant than the effects of control variables, and the direction and strength of the results are stable. The effect of trust in police on trust in government is strengthened by the perception of safety (IV). In addition, OLS, ordered logistic regression analysis, which analyzed trust in central government and local government, and logistic regression analysis categorized by trust and distrust show the stability.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper has implications in terms of theoretical and empirical analysis of the relationship between trust in police and trust in government. In addition, the impact of perception of safety on trust in police can be provided to police officers, policymakers and governors who are seeking to increase trust in government. This paper is also meaningful in that it is the microscopic research based on the citizens' survey. One of the limitations of macroscopic research is that it does not consider the individual perceptions of citizens.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper can confirm the relationship of the virtuous cycle, which is perception of safety – trust in police – trust in government. The police will need to provide security services to improve citizens' perception of safety and make great efforts to create safer communities and society. Trust in police formed through this process can be an important component of trust in government. By making citizens feel safer and achieving trust in police, ultimately, trust in government will be improved.Originality/valueThe police perform one of the essential roles of government and are one of the major components of trust in government, but the police sector has been neglected compared to the roles of the economic and political sectors. These influences of macro factors are too abstract to allow specific policy directions to be suggested. If we consider trust in police, and factors that can improve trust in government, we can suggest practical policy alternatives.

Abstract. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), caused by highly infectious intestinal viruses of either coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) or enterovirus 71 (EV71), is a common children syndrome featured by mild fever, spots and bumps that blister the skin of hands, oral cavity in mouth, feet and sometimes to the extent of buttocks and genitalia. Though CVA16 and EV71 both cause the HFMD, the intensity of each symptom is obviously different. Normal cases are HFMD by CVA16, which are typically characterized by mild symptoms usually treated in 6−8 days. Conversely, HFMD by EV71 results severe neural disorders and various influenza complications that even cause death. Currently, no vaccine is available to protect individuals from infection by the viruses that cause HFMD. In order to investigate why these two viruses have too much differences in degree of symptoms and compare the inner relationships to the medical effects, we analyzed the genomes of CVA16 and EV71 by using apriori algorithm, decision tree and support vector machine (SVM). Therefore, by comparing the genomes of each virus, we found out better results for analyzing the relationship between the two and state the potential of developing medical remedy in DNA point of view.

No abstract

No abstract