Background:We hypothesized that intramuscular administration of autologous total immunoglobulin G (IgG) could induce an immunomodulatory effect in human subjects. In our previous studies, we showed that intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG could induce significant clinical improvements and increases of the serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in patients with atopic dermatitis.Objective:To investigate the mechanism of immunomodulation induced by intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG, we evaluated changes in T cells before and after intramuscular administrations of autologous total IgG in this study.Methods:Thirteen healthy adults received 8 intramuscular injections of 50 mg autologous total IgG for 4 weeks (from week 0 to week 4). The percentages of IL-10- or IFN-γ-producing peripheral blood T cells, as well as serum levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and immunoglobulins, were measured at baseline (week 0) and at weeks 4, 8, and 12.Results:The percentage of IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells was significantly increased at weeks 8 and 12 compared to baseline (P < .05), while the percentage of IFN-γ-producing CD3+ T cells was significantly increased at week 12 compared to baseline (P < .05). There were no significant differences in the serum levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and immunoglobulins before and after intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG (P > .05). No serious adverse events were observed.Conclusion:Intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG induced immunomodulatory effects on T cells in healthy human subjects. This simple intervention could be a safe, effective, and economical T cell immunomodulation method for human subjects (NCT03695757).

Jinhae's educational facilities had been located in the most integrated area at the beginning. As Jinhae's spatial layout has been in a rapid growth by constructing new towns and experiencing major consolidations over years, it was argued that this morphological transformation inevitably brought to the change of the characteristics of educational facilities' arrangement. In this reason, a number of studies have discussed the ways of how they have been settled down from the beginning of Jinhae. However, they did not take into an account of both the first consolidation happened in 1985 and the second one in 2013. This paper therefore aims to investigate how Jinhae's urban structure has been transformed between the two consolidations from a syntactical perspective, and then to interpret characteristics of educational facilities arrangement accordingly. This study finds out that when Jinhae experienced the first consolidation, educational facilities were occupied in highly segregated areas in terms of both global and local integration values. However, their locations turned out to be more intelligible after the second consolidation. This suggests that they have a significant effect on the process of urban growth at local level. Although the educational facilities particularly in Pungho and Ungchun are in highly integrated spaces at global level, they are still less intelligible. 키워드：도시공간구조, 공간통사론, 진해교육시설, 배치특징