The physicochemical properties and solubilities of NaH 2 PO 2 − Zn(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 −H 2 O, NaH 2 PO 2 −NaCl−H 2 O, and NaCl−Zn(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 −H 2 O ternary systems and in NaH 2 PO 2 −NaCl−Zn(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 −H 2 O quaternary system at 298.15 K were investigated via the isothermal method. Invariant point compositions represent the quaternary system were characterized as the following: 10.65% mass NaCl, 32.51% mass NaH 2 PO 2 , 6.50% mass Zn(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 , and 50.34% mass H 2 O. In solid phases, the salts of Zn(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 .H 2 O, NaCl and NaH 2 PO 2 ·H 2 O were recognized. The crystallization area of the salts were obtained as (i) 79.04% Zn(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 , (ii) 18.62% NaCl and (iii) 2.34% NaH 2 PO 2 . Being the least soluble salt, Zn(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 has the largest crystallization area when compared with other salts present in the medium. According to the results, the crystallization area of was the largest in comparison with those of other salts and at the same time it was the least soluble salt.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Cellulose, lignin and extractive material are mixed in certain proportions by having isolated from lignocellulosic materials, such as Zeyrek stem, hazelnut shell and Scotch pine, respectively. Their higher heating values (HHVs) are determined by using a bomb calorimeter system. Estimated HHVs are calculated by applying these mixture ratios to some Multiple (Non)-Linear Regression (M(N)LR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models from the literature. MLR3 model is developed from the data of this study and this model reveals the highest R2 (0.974), lowest MAPE (0.012) and RMSE (0.278) values. The closest estimation accuracy to the MLR3 model is obtained from MLR2 (R2:0.972, MAPE:0.066 and RMSE:1.714) in the comparative analysis. MNLR and ANN equations containing quadratic terms are found to show deviations up to 132.6% (ANN3). It is attributed to the lower size and poor homogeneity of the individual group of samples from which model equations are developed.