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Cytogenetic effects of Anilofos which was widely used in agriculture, was evaluated in Allium cepa root meristematic cells. In the Allium root growth inhibition test EC 50 value was determined 50 ppm and 1/29 EC 50 (25 ppm), EC 50 (50 ppm) and 2 9 EC 50 (100 ppm) concentrations of Anilofos were applied to onion roots. A negative and positive control were used in the experiment in parallel. According to results mitotic index decreased with increasing the Anilofos concentrations in all application groups and each exposure time, while disturbed anaphase-telophase, choromosome laggard(s), stickiness and anaphase bridge(s) were observed. In anaphase-telophase cells, c-metaphase, disturbed nucleus and binuclear cells were observed in other anomalies. The results were also analyzed statistically by using Dunnett t test (2-tailed) and all concentrations of Anilofos were found significant.

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Benfuracarb is a carbamate insecticide used to control insect pests in vegetables and it has anti-acetylcholinesterase activity lower than other carbamates. Cytotoxic effects of benfuracarb were evaluated by using root growth inhibition (EC 50 ), mitotic index (MI), and mitotic phase determinations on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa and mutagenic effects were determined in Salmonella typhymurium Ames test by TA98 and TA100 strains with and without metabolic activation. In Allium test, 1 % DMSO was used as negative control group and 10 ppm MMS was used as positive control group. 75 ppm concentration of benfuracarb was found as EC 50 . In MI and mitotic phases determination study, 37.5, 75 and 150 ppm doses of benfuracarb were used. Dose-dependent cytotoxic activity was found by root growth inhibition and MI studies. It was identified that mitotic inhibition activity of benfuracarb was higher than 10 ppm MMS. In Ames test, mutagenic activity was not observed and over 200 lg/plate of benfuracarb was determined as cytotoxic to S. typhymurium strains. Benfuracarb can be called as ''mitotic inhibitor'' but not called as mutagen.

In this study, the effect of Afyonkarahisar Sugar Factory's discharge water on germination percentage, root growth and mitotic divisions of the root tip cells of Hordeum vulgare L. were investigated. Six concentrations of wastewater and ranging from 10 0 , 10 −1 , 10 −2 , 10 −3 , 10 −4 , 10 −5 , were applied for 6, 12, 18 and 24 h, respectively. It was observed that the treatments reduced the germination percentages of H. vulgare grains and inhibited the root growth as well as reduced mitotic index compared to the control group at all concentrations. It was also observed that the increase of the concentrations of wastewater decreased the cell division, and several mitotic anomalies such as c-mitosis, lagging chromosomes, multipolar anaphases and chromosome bridges increased.