In the recent years, the growing demand for energy on the one hand and the reduction of conventional hydrocarbon reserves on the other hand have made the proper extraction of oil and gas reserves, i.e. reservoir management issues, more important and hence proper management of these reserves is inevitable. Although renewable energies currently provide the bulk of the world’s energy needs, hydrocarbon fuels remain the main source of energy until 2035.Despite the growing importance of the Integrated Reservoir Management Model (IRMI), as a rational solution to maximize economic production from oil and gas reservoirs, a comprehensive model that can cover all reservoir management modules has not yet been proposed. In this paper, by examining the current condition of reservoir management in one of the subsidiaries of the National Iranian Oil company and analyzing the obtained results, we offer some solutions to improve the condition and finally, we present a comprehensive model for reservoir management in this company.

Today, e-commerce has become a top priority for organizations. By getting use of the Internet, organizations can significantly influence the attitudes of their customers and encourage them to benefit from the services provided by them. Consequently, organizations can affordably become a leader in the market, supply, delivery, and service. Furthermore, development of e-commerce in all existing fields is faced with major obstacles and challenges. Hence, the objective of the present paper was to identify the obstacles to e-commerce in companies producing sports equipment and goods from the perspective of sports managers in Iran. Statistical population included sports general directors of youth and sports offices, presidents of active federations, and executive managers of Ministry of Youth and Sports. Due to limited number of population members, it was completely considered as the sample (n=57). The required data were collected in two parts; firstly, data on theatrical information and previous studies were collected through reviewing the library resources, the Internet, papers, and dissertations about the barriers to e-commerce and second, a questionnaire was used to collect information about the research questions. The results showed that 7 factors including readiness of customers, readiness of companies, administrative barriers, lack of adequate competition, technological barriers, legal barriers, and financial barriers with coefficients of 0.883, 0.859, 0.853, 0.836, 0.801, 0.796, and 0.692, respectively, have the first to seventh ranking among the barriers to e-commerce in this sector.

The notable increase in petroleum demand, together with a decline in discovery rates, has highlighted the desire for efficient production of existing oil wells worldwide. Mainly, the productivity of the existing large oil fields makes us consider the principles of managing reservoirs to make the most of extraction. At the same time, many different uncertainties in the course of the developing oil field, including geological, operational, and economic uncertainties, have a detrimental impact on the reservoir's effective production, which is why dealing with uncertainty is crucial for maximizing output. There is a broad variety of studies on managing oil reservoirs under uncertainty information in the literature. In this study a short review of earlier works has been done on optimization strategies and management of uncertainty in reservoir production.