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This is the first study and report in which some ewe reproductive and lamb growth performances of Zom sheep were investigated and described in Turkey. The research was carried out on three different flocks randomly chosen among the Zom sheep flocks in the district of Karacadağ surrounded by Diyarbakır, Şanlıurfa and Mardin provinces, and lasted for two years, 2010 and 2011. The data consisted of 242 and 254 heads of lamb born from 226 and 214 heads of ewe in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Lambing rate (LR), twinning rate (TW), fecundity (FEC) and litter size (LITS) were found as 94%, 17%, 1.09 and 1.17 on average, respectively. There was no significant difference among flocks within years or among years within flocks in terms of ewe reproductive performance, except for the flock 2 in terms of TW. Average means of the birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT) at 90 th day and 6 th month live weight (SMLW) were 4.00 kg and 22.06 kg, 36.11 kg, respectively. The effects of age of dam, type of birth and sex of lambs were significant on BWT, WWT and SMLW (P<0.05). Besides the WWT was also significantly affected by the year (P<0.05), every 1 kg increase in BWT caused 2.02±0.281 kg increase on average in WWT of lambs (P<0.01). In addition, it was observed that the havier lambs at birth were havier in terms of SMLW (P<0.01). The average daily weight gain (ADWG1) and survival rate (SR) of lambs at weaning were 200 g/day and 90%, respectively. Keywords: Zom sheep, Reproductive performance, Lamb growth, Lamb survival Karacadağ Yöresinde Yetiştirilen Zom Koyunlarının Üreme Performansı ve Kuzularının Büyüme Özellikleri ÖzetBu araştırma, Zom koyunlarında bazı döl verimi ve kuzularda büyüme özelliklerini araştıran ve tanımlayan Türkiye'deki ilk çalışmadır. Araştırma, 2010 ve 2011 yıllarında, Diyarbakır, Şanlıurfa ve Mardin şehirlerinin çevrelediği Karacadağ bölgesinde Zom koyunu yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmeler arasından rastgele belirlenen 3 sürüde yürütülmüştür. Veriler, 2010 ve 2011 yıllarında doğum yapan sırasıyla 226 ve 214 baş koyun ve bunlardan doğan 242 ve 254 baş kuzularadan elde edilmiştir. Kuzulama oranı (KO), ikizlik oranı (İO), koçaltı koyun başına doğan kuzu sayısı (KKKS) ve doğuran koyun başına kuzu sayısı (DKKS) ortalamaları sırasıyla %94, %17, 1.09 ve 1.17 olarak tespit edilmiştir. İkinci sürüdeki İO hariç, koyun üreme performansı bakımından değişik yıllarda sürü içinde ya da aynı yılda sürüler arasında farklılık gözlemlenmemiştir. Ortalama doğum ağırlığı (DA), sütten kesim ağırlığı (SKA) ve altıncı ay canlı ağırlık (AACA) ortalaması sırasıyla 4.00, 22.06 ve 36.11 kg olarak tespit edilmiştir. DA, SKA ve AACA, ana yaşı, doğum tipi ve cinsiyet faktörlerinden önemli derecede etkilenmişlerdir (P<0.05). SKA üzerine yıl faktörünün de önemli etkisi tespit edilmiş (P<0.05), bunun yanında, DA'da meydana gelen her 1 kg'lık artışa karşılık SKA'da ortalama olarak 2.02±0.281 kg'lık bir artışın meydana geldiği gözlenmiştir (P<0.01). Buna ek olarak, doğumda daha ağır olan kuzuların AACA bakımından da daha ağır oldukları tespit e...

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The aim of the study was to identify genetic variants associated with personal best scores in Turkish track and field athletes and to compare allelic frequencies between sprint/power and endurance athletes and controls using a whole-exome sequencing (WES) approach, followed by replication studies in independent cohorts. The discovery phase involved 60 elite Turkish athletes (31 sprint/power and 29 endurance) and 20 ethnically matched controls. The replication phase involved 1132 individuals (115 elite Russian sprinters, 373 elite Russian endurance athletes (of which 75 athletes were with VO2max measurements), 209 controls, 148 Russian and 287 Finnish individuals with muscle fiber composition and cross-sectional area (CSA) data). None of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reached an exome-wide significance level (p < 2.3 × 10−7) in genotype–phenotype and case–control studies of Turkish athletes. However, of the 53 nominally (p < 0.05) associated SNPs, four functional variants were replicated. The SIRT1 rs41299232 G allele was significantly over-represented in Turkish (p = 0.047) and Russian (p = 0.018) endurance athletes compared to sprint/power athletes and was associated with increased VO2max (p = 0.037) and a greater proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers (p = 0.035). The NUP210 rs2280084 A allele was significantly over-represented in Turkish (p = 0.044) and Russian (p = 0.012) endurance athletes compared to sprint/power athletes. The TRPM2 rs1785440 G allele was significantly over-represented in Turkish endurance athletes compared to sprint/power athletes (p = 0.034) and was associated with increased VO2max (p = 0.008). The AGRN rs4074992 C allele was significantly over-represented in Turkish sprint/power athletes compared to endurance athletes (p = 0.037) and was associated with a greater CSA of fast-twitch muscle fibers (p = 0.024). In conclusion, we present the first WES study of athletes showing that this approach can be used to identify novel genetic markers associated with exercise- and sport-related phenotypes.

Cattle are an important livestock species for human life, but certain breeds are at risk of extinction. Maintaining genetic diversity plays an important role in sustainable breeding and conservation programmes in farm animals. The aim of this study was to determine genetic diversity among five Turkish native cattle breeds. A total of 199 Turkish native cattle of the Native Southern Yellow (n = 40), South Anatolian Red (n = 40), Anatolian Grey Cattle (n = 40), Native Black Cattle (n = 39) and East Anatolian Red (n = 40) breeds were investigated using 22 autosomal microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed considerable genetic variation among these breeds. All loci were polymorphic, and a total of 545 alleles were found. Among these loci, only INRA032 was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Thirty-four private alleles with frequencies greater than 5% were found. Expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content indexes were 0.87 and 0.88, respectively. Native Southern Yellow, South Anatolian Red and Native Black Cattle breeds were closely related.