Objective: To determine the lipid profile abnormalities among diabetes patients presented at tertiary care Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectionals study was done at medicine out patient’s department (OPD) at Muhammad Medical College Mirpur-Khas, from September 2020 to September 2021. Patients of type II diabetes mellitus, presented at medicine OPD, aged more than 40 years, diabetes duration more than three years and both genders were included. A five ml blood sample was obtained in fasting from each case and sent to the Hospital laboratory to assess the HbA1c and lipid profile. All the data was collected via a structured study proforma, and the analysis was done using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: In this study, 67 known diabetic patients were studied to observe the frequency of lipid profile abnormalities. Patient’s mean age was 51.64+10.32 years, mean BMI was 25.20+3.23 kg/m2 and mean Hba1c was 7.84+2.94%. Males were in majority 61.2% and females were 38.8%. Out of all 56.7% patients had lipid profile abnormalities. There was a positive correlation between hba1c and triglyceride level and a significant positive correlation between hba1c and total cholesterol level (r = 0.431, p = 0.001). Frequency of lipid profile abnormalities was statistically insignificant according to gender and duration of disease (p=>0.05). Conclusion: Lipid profile abnormalities were observed to be highly frequent among patients with type II diabetes mellitus. The early identification and treatment of dyslipidemia in individuals with DM seems to be a significant aspect of lowering the risk of DM-related morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Diabetes type II, lipid profile, Hba1c

Objective: To ascertain the prevalence of risk factors in pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at Isra University Hospital in Hyderabad. Methodology: This descriptive case series study was done at the gastroenterology department of Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, from September 2018 to March 2020. Patients aged 18 to 50 years, both genders, and diagnosed with post-ERCP pancreatitis were included. All the patients were undergoing an ERCP procedure. The procedure was done under conscious sedation or propofol where needed. The serum amylase level was assessed in all patients at 4 hours. Patients had been considered to have post-ERCP pancreatitis if they developed new or worsening pain of abdomen and had a threefold increase in serum amylase. All the cases were assessed regarding risk factors in pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. All the data was recorded in the proforma. Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.7 years. The majority of the patients (65.47%) were females and 32.90% were males. The mean duration of pancreatitis was 3.1 days. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction was found in 17.1% of cases. Precut papillotomy was done in 18(23.7%) cases. Repeated pancreatic duct injury was seen in 10(13.2%) cases. No significant difference was found in the effect of modifiers on predisposing factors in post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis, p-values were almost insignificant. Conclusion: Cannulation attempts, Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, precut papillotomy, repeated pancreatic duct injection, and female gender were observed to be the predisposing factors in post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.

Objective: To determine the frequency of different dermatosis presented at OPD during one year at Sir Syed Hospital Qayyumabad. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at dermatology OPD of Sir Syed hospital Qayoomabad. A one-year data of the patients who were presented with different dermatosis during January 2018 to December 2018 of either gender was studied to observe the commonest dermatological disease during these 12 months. A self-made questioner was used for the data collection and SPSS version 26 was used for the analysis of the data. Results: A total of one-year of retrospective data regarding dermatological diseases was studied. The average age of the patients was found 30.23+12.22 years. Females were in majority 1942(66.4%), while males were 982(33.6%). Dermatological disease mostly observed during July to December. Acne, Scabies, Urticaria, Tinea corporis, Acne vulgaris, Melasma, Tinea cruris and Eczema were found frequently high. Acne was most common from February to October, scabies was most common from May to December, Melasma was most common from June to December, furuncles were most common from June to July, Pityriasis versicolor was most common from September to October, and Tinea cruris was most common from July to November (p0.001). Conclusion: As per the study conclusion, the young females mostly visited the dermatology OPD. Acne, Scabies, Urticaria, Tinea corporis, Acne vulgaris, Melasma, Tinea cruris, and Eczema were observed to be the most frequent diseases, and the disease frequency observed varied as per seasonal variations. Keywords: Dermatosis, season, retrospective, audit,

Objective: The purpose behind this study was to determine the frequency of erectile dysfunction in patients receiving pegylated interferon and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Unit III, Services Hospital, Lahore. Period: Six months from 10st July 2017 to 9th January 2018. Materials and Methods: We have evaluated a total of 130 patients through a consecutive sampling technique who were admitted or visited Out-Patient-Department (OPD) with an underlying diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection and advise to take anti viral regime (Pegylated interferon and ribavirin combination therapy) for HCV treatment and followed after 12 weeks and 24 weeks for erectile dysfunction. Results: A total of 130 patients with HCV infection were included. The overall mean age of the patients was 37.4±9.6 years. The overall frequency of erectile dysfunction was 83.07%. Among them, equal percentage of patients at 12 and at week 24 did not have erectile dysfunction (N = 76, 58.5%). While severe erectile dysfunction was surprisingly more common at week 12 (14.61%, N = 19) than at week 24 (13.07%, N = 17) of treatment. Significant association of severe erectile dysfunction was only observed at week 12 in age group 40 – 60 years (p <0.05). Conclusion: Erectile dysfunction is more common and potential side effect of patients being treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin but duration of therapy did not affect the prevalence of sexual impairment although with increasing age, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction is significantly increased.