Background: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome type III (CP/CPPS) is associated with pelvic pain, sexual dysfunction and irritative voiding. Sustained symptom relief has proven difficult with alpha blockers, antibiotics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors (PDE5is) have the potential to alleviate bladder urgency, relax the pelvic floor, and correct underlying erectile dysfunction; however, few studies have investigated the application of PDE5i's to CP/ CPPS. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of long-term PDE5i therapy on symptoms among patients with diagnosed CP/CPPS. Methods: A group of patients older than 18 years diagnosed with CP/CPPS presenting from 2009 to 2018 were followed prospectively while they were being prescribed off-label PDE5i therapy for symptoms.National Institute of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index (CPSI) scores before PDE5i therapy initiation and after at least 3 months were utilized to assess impact on symptoms.Results: A total of 25 patients (mean age 44.4±12.9 years) met study criteria. The mean duration of PDE5i therapy was 1.3±1.6 years. Continued use of daily PDE5is was associated with significant decreases in total CPSI, pain, urinary symptom and quality of life scores [total CPSI: −12.8, standard deviation (SD) 9.5; pain:

IMPORTANCE The maxillary labial frenulum and its potential contribution to breastfeeding difficulty may substantially affect public health. However, objective studies of the frenulum are limited. OBJECTIVE To measure the variations in length, thickness, and attachments of the maxillary labial frenulum in healthy newborns and to identify which anatomic measurements could be used in further research investigating the maxillary labial frenulum. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cross-sectional study conducted measurements on images of maxillary labial frenula captured by digital photography from 150 healthy newborns admitted to the newborn nursery at a tertiary care children's hospital in

Open retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is the gold standard for surgical management of the retroperitoneum in patients with testicular cancer, and is associated with excellent oncologic outcomes and significant morbidity including length of stay. Minimally invasive RPLND, starting with laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in 1992 and now robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in 2006, endeavor to decrease the morbidity of open RPLND while maintaining excellent oncologic outcomes. This review surveys the literature regarding both primary and post-chemotherapy robotic RPLND, emphasizing that while early outcomes are promising, much work needs to be done before widespread use of this technique is implemented.

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